FIGURE 1.

Individual components of COWS score recorded before buprenorphine administration for individual patients by patient category. Each unique color represents a score for a specific individual study participant (N = 13). COWS components are arrayed from left to right, with the total score equaling the sum of the individual components (restlessness, anxiety, bone or joint aches, sweating, yawning, tremor, GI upset, gooseflesh, resting pulse rate, and pupil size). The top panel (blue shades) indicates patients in category 1 (n = 5, PW after guideline‐based buprenorphine administration), the middle panel (yellow shades) shows patients in category 2 (n = 4, PW after deviating from guideline‐based buprenorphine administration), and the bottom panel (green shades) shows patients in category 3 (n = 4, protracted opioid withdrawal). COWS, Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale; GI, gastrointestinal; PW, precipitated opioid withdrawal