FIGURE 3.

Plot of recorded COWS, buprenorphine administrations, and discharge events over time (minutes) for patients categorized as precipitated opioid withdrawal (category 1). A black diamond indicates the recorded COWS score at the time (minutes) relative to the first dose of buprenorphine, the orange cross indicates the dose of buprenorphine (mg) at the time (minutes) relative to the first dose of buprenorphine, and the red vertical line indicates the time of departure from the ED or hospital. Note: Case 3 received 2 doses of 8–2 mg buprenorphine–naloxone 5 minutes apart after a recoded COWS score of 19. COWS, Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale