Table 1.

Participant characteristics according to sarcopenia status (n = 2,391).

Variables	Overall (n = 2,391)	Male (n = 1,539)			Female (n = 852)
		No possible sarcopenia (n = 1,121)	Possible sarcopenia (n = 418)	P -value	No possible sarcopenia (n = 618)	Possible sarcopenia (n = 234)	P- value
Age	66.00 (7.00)	66.00 (8.00)	69.00 (9.00)	<0.001	65.00 (6.00)	67.00 (9.00)	<0.001
Height (cm)	159.90 (12.00)	164.40 (9.00)	162.50 (9.00)	<0.001	153.00 (8.00)	152.00 (8.00)	0.01
Weight (kg)	60.20 (15.00)	63.00 (15.00)	59.55 (15.00)	<0.001	58.00 (12.00)	55.00 (14.00)	0.01
BMI (kg/m2)	23.59 (5.00)	23.35 (5.00)	22.41 (5.00)	<0.001	25.00 (4.25)	24.00 (5.25)	0.08
HS (kg)	30.75 (13.00)	37.00 (9.00)	26.95 (10.00)	<0.001	26.00 (7.00)	19.00 (8.00)	<0.001
GS (m/s)	3.03 (1.00)	2.87 (1.00)	3.33 (1.00)	<0.001	3.00 (0.25)	4.00 (1.00)	<0.001
CST (s)	8.81 (4.00)	7.97 (3.00)	12.13 (5.00)	<0.001	9.00 (3.00)	13.00 (4.00)	<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	87.00 (15.00)	86.20 (14.00)	86.00 (16.00)	0.3	88.00 (14.00)	88.00 (13.25)	0.6
ASM (kg)	18.40 (6.00)	20.52 (3.00)	19.62 (4.00)	<0.001	14.00 (3.00)	13.00 (3.00)	0.001
Cognitive score	13.00 (4.50)	13.00 (4.00)	12.00 (4.00)	<0.001	13.50 (4.00)	12.50 (4.50)	<0.001
Smoking
Smoking (%)	774 (32.2%)	549 (74.5%)	188 (25.5%)	0.2	21 (56.8%)	16 (43.2%)	0.03
Quit smoking (%)	464 (19.4%)	304 (69.7%)	132 (30.3%)		17 (60.7%)	11 (39.3%)
Never smoke (%)	1,153 (48.2%)	268 (73.2%)	98 (26.8%)		580 (73.7%)	207 (26.3%)
Education
Below elementary school (%)	497 (100%)	207 (66.8%)	103 (33.2%)	0.007	128 (67.4%)	59 (31.6%)	0.2
Primary school and above (%)	1,894 (100%)	914 (74.4%)	315 (25.6%)		490 (73.7%)	175 (26.3%)

BMI, body mass index; HS, hand strength; GS, gait speed; CST, 5 chair stand tests; ASM, appendicular skeletal mass.