Table 3.
Meta-analysis of risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection caused by S. maltophilia.
| Exposure factors | Included studies | Heterogeneity | p | Fixed-effect model (FEM) | p | Random-effect model (REM) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General condition | |||||||
| Age, years | 9 | 0 | 0.99 | 0.04 (−0.10~0.17) | 0.59 | 0.04 (−0.10~0.17) | 0.59 |
| Gender | 16 | 0 | 0.81 | 0.99 (0.82~1.19) | 0.93 | 0.99 (0.82~1.19) | 0.93 |
| APACHE-II score >20 | 3 | 93 | <0.001 | 2.68 (1.97~3.64) | <0.001 | 5.56 (1.16~26.53) | 0.03 |
| Glucocorticoid | 11 | 60 | 0.006 | 1.75 (1.37~2.23) | <0.001 | 2.08 (1.32~3.27) | 0.002 |
| Hospitalization days | 6 | 92 | <0.001 | 7.36 (6.11~8.62) | <0.001 | 14.56 (6.12~23.03) | <0.001 |
| Comorbid disease conditions | |||||||
| COPD | 7 | 86 | <0.001 | 1.45 (1.10~1.90) | 0.008 | 1.89 (0.79~4.51) | 0.15 |
| Diabetes | 7 | 34 | 0.17 | 0.96 (0.80~1.16) | 0.67 | 1.00 (0.78~1.27) | 0.97 |
| Solid malignant tumors | 9 | 0 | 0.81 | 1.29 (0.98~1.70) | 0.07 | 1.27 (0.96~1.68) | 0.09 |
| Malignant tumors of the Hematologic system | 5 | 42 | 0.14 | 0.90 (0.61~1.31) | 0.57 | 0.88 (0.51~1.52) | 0.65 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 9 | 37 | 0.12 | 0.87 (0.67~1.12) | 0.26 | 0.95 (0.67~1.34) | 0.77 |
| Kidney dysfunction | 3 | 0 | 0.88 | 0.85 (0.52~1.40) | 0.52 | 0.85 (0.52~1.40) | 0.53 |
| Immunosuppression | 7 | 40 | 0.13 | 1.07 (0.83~1.39) | 0.59 | 1.06 (0.73~1.54) | 0.74 |
| Invasive manipulation | |||||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 10 | 80 | <0.001 | 8.42 (6.06~11.71) | <0.001 | 14.16 (5.85~34.30) | <0.001 |
| Tracheal intubation | 4 | 0 | 0.89 | 6.07 (3.63~10.16) | <0.001 | 5.88 (3.54~9.75) | <0.001 |
| Tracheotomy | 6 | 84 | <0.001 | 3.84 (2.47~5.95) | <0.001 | 3.77 (1.09~13.04) | 0.04 |
| Central venous Catheterization | 11 | 80 | <0.001 | 1,76 (1.35~2.30) | <0.001 | 2.16 (1.07~4.36) | 0.03 |
| Urinary catheter | 6 | 81 | <0.001 | 1.85 (1.26~2.72) | 0.002 | 2.30 (0.81~6.52) | 0.12 |
| Nasogastric tube | 5 | 60 | 0.04 | 3.17 (2.20~4.57) | <0.001 | 3.00 (1.60~5.63) | <0.001 |
| Operation | 4 | 32 | 0.22 | 1.32 (0.86~2.03) | 0.20 | 1.31 (0.70~2.44) | 0.40 |
| History of antibacterial Drug use | |||||||
| Carbapenems | 12 | 77 | <0.001 | 2.91 (2.38~3.55) | <0.001 | 3.69 (2.31~5.89) | <0.001 |
| β-lactamase inhibitors | 3 | 10 | 0.33 | 1.76 (1.30~2.39) | <0.001 | 1.73 (1.18~2.55) | 0.005 |
| Aminoglycosides | 7 | 50 | 0.06 | 2.13 (1.50~3.03) | <0.001 | 2.57 (1.42~4.65) | 0.002 |
| Quinolones | 4 | 89 | <0.001 | 0.82 (0.62~1.08) | 0.16 | 1.41 (0.50~3.93) | 0.52 |
| Glycopeptides | 5 | 76 | 0.002 | 2.72 (1.97~3.76) | <0.001 | 3.22 (1.48~7.01) | 0.003 |
| Use more than 3 kinds of antibacterial drugs | 4 | 93 | <0.001 | 2,47 (1.81~3.37) | <0.001 | 6.21 (1.24~31.13) | 0.03 |