Table 2.
Summary coding of included depression studies (arranged in alphabetical order of the first author).
| Author | Year | Country | Learning phrase | Students’ major | Whether attending emergency online learning | Measurement | Sample size | Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acosta | 2021 | USA | K-12 | / | Yes | Self-report | 145 | 44.80% |
| Azmi | 2022 | SA | University | Diverse | No | Zung’s Scale | 157 | 75.00% |
| Bolatov | 2021 | Kazakhstan | University | Medical | No | PHQ-9 | 798 | 80.30% |
| Chang (a) | 2021 | China | University | Medical | No | DASS-21 | 4,115 | 31.90% |
| Chang (b) | 2021 | China | University | Diverse | No | DASS-21 | 5,558 | 35.15% |
| Demaray | 2022 | USA | K-12 | / | No | CES-DC | 2,738 | 41.16% |
| Dirzyte | 2021 | Lithuania | University | / | No | PHQ-9 | 444 | 75.70% |
| Fawaz | 2020 | Lebanon | University | / | No | DASS-21 | 520 | 33.40% |
| Halat | 2022 | Lebanon | University | Medical | No | DASS-21 | 561 | 64.00% |
| Islam | 2020 | Bangladesh | University | / | No | PHQ-9 | 476 | 82.30% |
| Liu | 2022 | China | University | / | No | DASS-21 | 1,506 | 36.06% |
| Moy | 2021 | Malaysia | University | / | No | DASS-21 | 310 | 29.40% |
| Perkins | 2021 | USA | K-12 | / | No | PHQ-2 | 320 | 19.40% |
| Rutkowska (a) | 2021 | Slovakia | University | / | No | BDI | 3,051 | 47.00% |
| Rutkowska (b) | 2022 | Poland | University | Diverse | No | BDI | 753 | 56.00% |
| Torales | 2022 | Paraguay | University | Diverse | No | PHQ-2 | 378 | 60.30% |
| Zhang | 2022 | China | University | / | No | PHQ-9 | 788 | 29.95% |
/ means the information was unreported; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item; PHQ-2, Patient Health Questionnaire 2-item; DASS-21, The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21-item; CES-DC, Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children; and BDI, Beck Depression Inventory.