Table 2.
Comparison of clinical outcomes
| Mode of death | Non‐HFpEF (LVEF <50%) | HFpEF (LVEF ≥50%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Young N = 575 |
Older N = 1159 |
Very old N = 319 |
P‐value |
Young N = 182 |
Older N = 894 |
Very old N = 429 |
P‐value | |
| All‐cause death | 60 (10.4) | 308 (26.6) | 117 (36.7) | <0.001 | 10 (5.5) | 187 (20.9) | 136 (31.7) | <0.001 |
| CVD | 39 (6.8) | 198 (17.1) | 65 (20.4) | <0.001 | 5 (2.7) | 77 (8.6) | 52 (12.1) | <0.001 |
| HFD | 18 (3.1) | 104 (9.0) | 44 (13.8) | <0.001 | 2 (1.1) | 40 (4.5) | 29 (6.8) | <0.001 |
| SCD | 15 (2.6) | 75 (6.5) | 15 (4.7) | 0.001 | 3 (1.6) | 23 (2.6) | 14 (3.3) | 0.55 |
| Other‐CVD | 6 (1.0) | 19 (1.6) | 6 (1.9) | 0.52 | 0 | 14 (1.6) | 9 (2.1) | 0.14 |
| Non‐CVD | 21 (3.7) | 110 (9.5) | 52 (16.3) | <0.001 | 5 (2.7) | 110 (12.3) | 84 (19.6) | <0.001 |
| Infection | 2 (0.3) | 28 (2.4) | 13 (4.1) | <0.001 | 2 (1.1) | 27 (3.0) | 19 (4.4) | 0.09 |
| Malignancy | 3 (0.5) | 26 (2.2) | 12 (3.8) | <0.001 | 0 | 27 (3.0) | 13 (3.0) | 0.03 |
| Fatal bleeding | 2 (0.3) | 4 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | >0.99 | 1 (0.5) | 3 (0.3) | 4 (0.9) | 0.27 |
| Digestive disease | 0 | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.6) | 0.14 | 1 (0.5) | 4 (0.4) | 3 (0.7) | 0.78 |
| Respiratory failure | 1 (0.2) | 9 (0.8) | 0 | 0.14 | 0 | 13 (1.5) | 4 (0.9) | 0.27 |
| Renal failure | 0 | 3 (0.3) | 2 (0.6) | 0.17 | 0 | 3 (0.3) | 7 (1.6) | 0.02 |
| Others | 8 (1.4) | 32 (2.8) | 16 (5.0) | <0.001 | 1 (0.5) | 29 (3.2) | 30 (7.0) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 5 (0.9) | 6 (0.5) | 6 (1.9) | 0.06 | 0 | 4 (0.4) | 4 (0.9) | 0.38 |
| HF readmission | 96 (16.7) | 345 (29.8) | 319 (38.6) | <0.001 | 33 (18.1) | 232 (26.0) | 135 (31.5) | 0.002 |
CVD, cardiovascular death; HFD, heart failure death; SCD, sudden cardiac death.
Values are n (%).