Table 2.
Mean change in SF‐36 scores, by domain
| SF‐36 domain | Diagnosis at baseline | Diagnosis at follow‐up | Baseline score | Follow‐up score | Change score | Comparison with No HF group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Adjusted a mean difference (95% CI) | Adjusted a , b P value | Fully adjusted c mean difference (95% CI) | Fully adjusted P value b , c | |||
| Physical functioning | ||||||||||||
| No HF | HFrEF | 71.4 (23.3) | 82 | 45.4 (27.2) | 82 | −26.0 (25.8) | 82 | −16.6 (−22.6 to −10.5) | <0.0001 | −16.1 (−22.2 to −10.1) | <0.0001 | |
| HFpEF | 68.5 (25.7) | 68 | 42.8 (25.7) | 68 | −25.5 (24.5) | 68 | −14.8 (−21.3 to −8.2) | <0.0001 | −14.6 (−21.2 to −8.1) | <0.0001 | ||
| No HF | 82.9 (19.7) | 1434 | 74.3 (26.6) | 1404 | −8.7 (22.7) | 1397 | ||||||
| HF | HF | 38.5 (26.3) | 26 | 36.8 (27.9) | 26 | −1.7 (32.4) | 26 | 0.04 (−11.0 to 11.0) | 0.99 | 0.7 (−10.3 to 11.8) | 0.99 | |
| Role physical | ||||||||||||
| No HF | HFrEF | 80.5 (35.2) | 81 | 37.8 (42.2) | 72 | −41.8 (41.9) | 71 | −21.7 (−32.8 to −10.6) | <0.0001 | −20.7 (−31.8 to −9.7) | <0.0001 | |
| HFpEF | 68.3 (41.6) | 67 | 31.2 (42.6) | 65 | −34.1 (51.3) | 63 | −19.0 (−30.8 to −7.3) | 0.0003 | −19.3 (−31.0 to −7.6) | 0.0003 | ||
| No HF | 84.5 (31.1) | 1426 | 70.8 (40.7) | 1363 | −13.9 (41.1) | 1353 | ||||||
| HF | HF | 20.2 (33.2) | 26 | 19.6 (36.1) | 23 | −1.1 (52.5) | 23 | −10.8 (−33.9 to 9.4) | 0.49 | −12.5 (−32.8 to 7.6) | 0.36 | |
| Bodily pain | ||||||||||||
| No HF | HFrEF | 69.3 (25.0) | 81 | 59.0 (28.7) | 77 | −11.1 (30.3) | 76 | −5.0 (−11.9 to 1.9) | 0.23 | −4.7 (−11.7 to 2.2) | 0.28 | |
| HFpEF | 69.6 (27.2) | 68 | 63.8 (29.3) | 63 | −4.6 (30.1) | 62 | 2.4 (−5.2 to 9.9) | 0.83 | 3.6 (−4.0 to 11.2) | 0.58 | ||
| No HF | 78.0 (24.2) | 1419 | 72.1 (26.3) | 1350 | −6.1 (27.3) | 1330 | ||||||
| HF | HF | 64.7 (28.0) | 26 | 52.4 (30.6) | 23 | −10.9 (32.6) | 25 | −2.7 (−14.9 to 9.4) | 0.93 | −2.4 (−14.7 to 9.9) | 0.95 | |
| General health perception | ||||||||||||
| No HF | HFrEF | 62.6 (21.7) | 82 | 52.1 (23.0) | 76 | −10.9 (26.2) | 76 | −10.1 (−14.8 to −5.3) | <0.0001 | −10.0 (−14.8 to −5.3) | <0.0001 | |
| HFpEF | 64.5 (19.8) | 68 | 52.5 (20.5) | 65 | −11.4 (17.3) | 64 | −10.1 (−15.2 to −5.0) | <0.0001 | −10.0 (−15.2 to −4.9) | <0.0001 | ||
| No HF | 72.9 (18.4) | 1426 | 70.2 (19.5) | 1347 | −2.8 (17.4) | 1335 | ||||||
| HF | HF | 35.2 (20.2) | 26 | 35.4 (13.7) | 21 | 1.1 (18.8) | 21 | −6.3 (−15.6 to 3.0) | 0.28 | −6.1 (−15.6 to 3.3) | 0.32 | |
| Vitality | ||||||||||||
| No HF | HFrEF | 61.5 (21.0) | 81 | 44.6 (21.7) | 77 | −16.0 (21.5) | 76 | −12.8 (−17.6 to −8.1) | <0.0001 | −12.8 (−17.6 to −8.0) | <0.0001 | |
| HFpEF | 57.8 (22.5) | 68 | 49.0 (19.7) | 67 | −8.6 (20.9) | 66 | −6.2 (−11.3 to −1.2) | 0.012 | −6.0 (−11.1 to −0.9) | 0.014 | ||
| No HF | 66.6 (20.4) | 1431 | 64.7 (20.1) | 1392 | −1.9 (18.9) | 1383 | ||||||
| HF | HF | 38.8 (15.6) | 26 | 37.6 (21.2) | 26 | −1.3 (21.6) | 26 | −5.7 (−14.1 to 2.6) | 0.27 | −4.3 (−12.7 to 4.1) | 0.53 | |
| Social functioning | ||||||||||||
| No HF | HFrEF | 83.9 (24.4) | 80 | 69.6 (31.7) | 78 | −13.3 (32.0) | 76 | −8.6 (−15.0 to −2.2) | 0.004 | −7.9 (−14.3 to −1.6) | 0.009 | |
| HFpEF | 86.2 (20.3) | 67 | 70.2 (29.4) | 65 | −15.5 (29.2) | 63 | −9.1 (−16.0 to −2.1) | 0.006 | −8.7 (−15.6 to −1.7) | 0.009 | ||
| No HF | 88.4 (20.6) | 1424 | 85.5 (22.7) | 1358 | −3.0 (24.5) | 1342 | ||||||
| HF | HF | 62.5 (30.4) | 26 | 59.5 (33.5) | 25 | −2.0 (43.4) | 25 | −8.3 (−19.7 to 3.0) | 0.22 | −9.2 (−20.6 to 2.3) | 0.16 | |
| Role emotional | ||||||||||||
| No HF | HFrEF | 81.3 (33.9) | 81 | 62.2 (45.3) | 67 | −18.7 (49.7) | 66 | −11.5 (−22.1 to −0.9) | 0.028 | −11.1 (−21.6 to −0.5) | 0.037 | |
| HFpEF | 78.1 (37.2) | 64 | 53.7 (47.1) | 59 | −26.7 (49.0) | 55 | −18.0 (−29.5 to −6.5) | 0.0006 | −18.3 (−29.8 to −6.7) | 0.0005 | ||
| No HF | 86.6 (29.0) | 1417 | 82.4 (34.1) | 1322 | −4.5 (39.0) | 1304 | ||||||
| HF | HF | 65.4 (41.6) | 26 | 49.0 (50.2) | 17 | −21.6 (66.6) | 17 | −19.3 (−40.5 to 1.9) | 0.09 | −21.7 (−43.4 to −0.04) | 0.049 | |
| Mental health | ||||||||||||
| No HF | HFrEF | 77.3 (15.9) | 81 | 75.3 (17.9) | 76 | −2.1 (18.4) | 75 | −2.6 (−6.9 to 1.8) | 0.41 | −2.7 (−7.0 to 1.6) | 0.36 | |
| HFpEF | 74.6 (19.0) | 68 | 70.9 (20.0) | 65 | −4.7 (17.0) | 64 | −5.9 (−10.5 to −1.3) | 0.007 | −5.6 (−10.2 to −0.9) | 0.012 | ||
| No HF | 77.8 (16.6) | 1432 | 79.1 (16.5) | 1391 | 1.2 (16.9) | 1383 | ||||||
| HF | HF | 65.5 (21.4) | 26 | 69.2 (16.3) | 26 | 3.6 (26.7) | 26 | −2.6 (−10.1 to 4.9) | 0.79 | −2.9 (−10.5 to 4.7) | 0.73 | |
a
Adjusted by baseline score, age, sex, cohort, and practice (random effect).
b
Includes Dunnett–Hsu adjustment; improvement is indicated by a positive change.
c
Adjusted by baseline score, age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, arthritis, depression, cohort, and practice (random effect).