Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of respondents (n = 142,151).
| Variable name | Index | Operationalization | Number of samples | percentage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Learning performance | Learning attainment | / | / | / |
| Teaching intervention | Whether to intervene | Intervention | 78,325 | 55.1% |
| No intervention | 63,825 | 44.9% | ||
| Time | Before and after the COVID-19 outbreak | Before COVID-19 | 60,272 | 42.4% |
| After COVID-19 | 81,879 | 57.6% | ||
| Individual characteristics | Gender | Male | 61,267 | 43.1% |
| Female | 80,884 | 56.9% | ||
| Year | Freshman | 77,330 | 54.4% | |
| Sophomore | 55,438 | 39.0% | ||
| Junior | 8,529 | 6.0% | ||
| Senior | 852 | 0.6% | ||
| School | School of Business Administration | 10,093 | 7.1% | |
| School of Finance, Taxation, and Public Administration | 11,372 | 8.0% | ||
| School of Accounting | 18,764 | 13.2% | ||
| School of International Business and Economics | 8,245 | 5.8% | ||
| School of Economics | 6,397 | 4.5% | ||
| School of Finance | 12,367 | 8.7% | ||
| School of Statistics | 8,245 | 5.8% | ||
| School of Information Management | 8,956 | 6.3% | ||
| School of Tourism and Urban Management | 4,975 | 3.5% | ||
| School of Law | 5,970 | 4.2% | ||
| School of Software and Internet of Things Engineering | 12,651 | 8.9% | ||
| School of Foreign Languages | 5,117 | 3.6% | ||
| School of Humanities | 4,975 | 3.5% | ||
| School of Art | 8,386 | 5.9% | ||
| School of Physical Education | 1,705 | 1.2% | ||
| School of International | 13,930 | 9.8% | ||
| School of Virtual Reality (VR) Modern Industry | 3 | 0.0% |