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. 2023 Jan 10;13:1067284. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1067284

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Copyright © 2023 Shoaib, Aqib, Muzammil, Majeed, Bhutta, Kulyar, Fatima, Zaheer, Muneer, Murtaza, Kashif, Shafqat and Pu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bovine-adapted clonal complexes Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus CCs) appear to have derived from human CCs and acquired bovine affinities through a series of spill-over events that resulted in the acquisition of various mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Several hosts have a high prevalence of the CC398 lineage. This lineage seems to have started in humans via reverse zoonosis, then it spread to pigs, then it returned to humans via pig zoonosis, and ultimately it spread to other species.