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. 2023 Jan 10;13:1067284. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1067284

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Copyright © 2023 Shoaib, Aqib, Muzammil, Majeed, Bhutta, Kulyar, Fatima, Zaheer, Muneer, Murtaza, Kashif, Shafqat and Pu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) producing community-acquired–MRSA (CA-MRSA) model: In MSSA strain, two genes (pvl) encoding the methicillin-resistant phage virus (PVL) are infected and lysed by the phage (phiSLT) (Staphylococcal Leukocytolytic Toxin). Then, a horizontal transfer of a methicillin resistance cassette (SCCmec IV, V, or VT) carrying the mecA gene into the pvl-positive methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strain allows it to incorporate into the genome somewhere other than the phiSLT (Staphylococcal Leukocytolytic Toxin) integration site.