TABLE 2.

Methicillin resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) mobile genetic elements (MGEs) associated host determinants in different species.

Disease	Host	MGEs	MGE-linked host determinants	References
Mastitis, skin infections	Ruminants	SaPIbov, enterotoxin gene cluster, SaPIbov4, Non-mec SCC, SCC-mecC	Sec, Seg, Seo, Sel, Sei, Sem, Sen, TSST-1, ssl07, ssl08, vWbp, and LPXTG surface protein	Viana et al., 2010; Wilson et al., 2011; Resch et al., 2013; Bar-Gal et al., 2015
Neonatal septicaemia, skin infections	Swine	Pathogenicity islands (SaPI-S0385) and plasmids	SSCmec, SaPI5, SaPlbov1, vWbp, resistance to heavy metals	Schijffelen et al., 2010; Richardson et al., 2018
Skin, thoracic and joint or bursal infections	Equine	ΦSaeq1, SaPIeq1	Immune modulators, Scn gene, lukPQ genes, vWbp	Viana et al., 2010; Garzoni and Kelley, 2011; Koop et al., 2017; De Jong et al., 2018
Skin and soft tissue infections	Pets	Plasmid SAP078A, SCCmec type IV, bacteriophage Φ2, Φ3, Φ6, rep10 plasmid, SaPI	Replication genes (rep5, rep22), heavy metal resistance genes (copB, arsR, cadC, arsA, mco, and cadA), host immune evasion genes (scn, sak, and chp),	Loeffler et al., 2013
Pododermatitis	Poultry	ΦAvβ, pAvX, pAvY, pC221, ΦAv1, SaPIAv, pUB112	ornithine cyclodeaminase, protease, ear-like proteins (ear pathogenicity islands such as SaPI1, 3, 5 and SaPImw2, Thiol protease ScpA, Lysophospholipase, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol resistance	Ehrlich, 1977; Lowder et al., 2009; Murray et al., 2017
Lung infection, Bloodstream infections, Endocarditis, Osteomyelitis,	Human	ΦSa3 (β-hemolysin converting phage)	(clfB, isdA, fnbA, atlA, eap), genes involved in Wall Teichoic Acids (WTA) biosynthesis (tagO and tarK), cell surface dynamics/remodeling enzymes (sceD, oatA, atlA), immune-modulatory factors, TSST-1, PVL toxins and staphylokinase	Manders, 1998; Foster, 2002; Richardson et al., 2018