TABLE 3.
Antibacterial activity of different herbal plants against different strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
| Sr. No. | Plant name | Plant part | Extraction method | MRSA strains | ZOI or MIC (μg/ml) | References |
| 1. |
P. nigrum
H. cordata S. baicalensis C. sinensis |
Dried Fruit Stem + Leaf Roots Leaves |
Sterile water | LA-MRSA | 5,000 1,250 1,250 625 |
Guo et al., 2022 |
| 2. | Z. album | Arial parts | Ethanol extract | HA-MRSA | 312.5–1,250 | Sharaf et al., 2021 |
| 3. | C. macrocarpa | Leaves | Methanol, Ethanol, n-butanol | HA-MRSA | 2.0–8.0 256–2,048 |
Attallah et al., 2021 |
| 4. | C. longa | Root | Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose | LA-MRSA | ZOI 10–18 mm |
Sarwar et al., 2021 |
| 5. | A. pavarii | Leaf and Stem bark | Methanol | CA-MRSA | 1.25–2.50 | Buzgaia et al., 2020 |
| 6. |
O. lamiifolium
R. officinalis C. roseus A. indica M. stenopetala |
Leaves | Diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol | HA-MRSA | Larger ZOI than antibiotics | Manilal et al., 2020 |
| 7. |
A. catechu
G. mangostana I. balsamina U. gambir |
Wood Fruit Shell Leaf Leaf + stem |
Ethanol | HA-MRSA | 1.6–3.2 0.05–0.4 6.3 0.4–0.8 |
Okwu et al., 2019 |
| 8. |
C. sativa
T. orientalis P. guajava |
Leaves | Ethanolic extract | HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA | Larger ZOI than antibiotics | Chakraborty et al., 2018 |
| 9. |
C. cyminum A. subulatum C. verum S. aromaticum |
Seeds Seeds Bark Buds |
Hydro-distillation | MDR S. aureus |
29.7 ± 1.7 9.4 ± 1.86 4.8 ± 0.96 5.4 ± 1.08 |
Naveed et al., 2013 |
| 10. |
S. exigua
E. koreensis |
Root | Tetra-hydroxy Flavanones |
HA-MRSA | 3.13–6.25 | Tsuchiya et al., 1996 |
| 11. |
G. glabra
G. inflata G. uralensis |
Root | Flavonoids | HA-MRSA | 3.13–12.50 | Gupta et al., 2008 |
| 12. |
D. capitata
E. rugulosa E. blanda G. strictipes P. multiflorum |
Apex Wall Apex Root Root |
Ethanol extract Ethanol extract Ethanol extract Ethanol extract |
HA-MRSA | 1.25 1.43 1.32 1.34 1.34 |
Zuo et al., 2008 |
| 13. | C. impressicostatum | Sb | Water extract | HA-MRSA | 19.50 | Khan et al., 2009 |
| 14. | P. betle | Leaves | Ethanol extract | HA-MRSA | 156–78 | Valle et al., 2016 |
| 15. | C. sinensis | Leaves | Polyphenols | HA-MRSA | 50–180 | Choi et al., 2015 |
| 16. | C. procera | Leaves | Aqueous extract | HA-MRSA | 12.5 | Salem et al., 2014 |
| 17. | E. globulus | Leaves | Eucalyptus oil | HA-MRSA | 4.0 | Mulyaningsih et al., 2011 |
| 18. | C. longa | Root | Ethanol extract | HA-MRSA | 217 | Gunes et al., 2016 |
MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration.