TABLE 5.

In vitro studies on antibacterial activity of bacteriophages against methicillin resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Sr. No.	Bacteriophage	Phage isolation source	Phage efficacy assessment assay	Host range	Antibacterial activity method and result	Country	References
	Phage Rih21	Hospital Wastewater	Double layer agar method	MRSA	showed lytic activity	Iraq	Ghayyib et al., 2022
	Phage cocktail APTC-C-SA01	Nasal swabs, soil and sheep feces samples	Plaque assay	Biofilm MRSA and MSSA	> 98% lytic activity	Australia	Liu et al., 2022
	Phage Henu2 + Antibiotics	Sewage sample	Time kill assay	MRSA, MSSA	Growth decreased faster	China	Li et al., 2021
	Phage Sb1 + antibiotics	Commercial purchased	Plague assay and time kill assay	MRSA	Decrease in CFUs after treatment	USA	Kebriaei et al., 2020
	Recombinant chimeric bacteriophage endolysin HY-133	Hypharm GmbH	Broth micro dilution method	MRSA, MSSA, mupirocin-resistant strains	MIC = 0.12–0.5 mg/L, Time kill curve assay showed Bactericidal effect	Germany	Knaack et al., 2019
	Staphylococcal Sb and PYO bacteriophage	Eliava Biopreparations	Microcalori-metry Assay and CFU counting	MRSA	Rapidly inhibited growth of MRSA in both methods	Germany	Tkhilaishvili et al., 2020
	Sb-1 phage	Georgia Eliava Institute	Spot assay	MRSA. MSSA, biofilm	22/28 MRSA sensitive, 16/29 MSSA sensitive, eradicated biofilm	Germany	Tkhilaishvili et al., 2018
	Chimeolysin F (ClyF)		96-well plate method	S. sureus multiple strains, MRSA, S. pyogenes, S. suis, B cereus	Lytic activity against all S. aureus strains and no against other strains	China	Yang et al., 2017
	pq/27 and pq/48	Sewage water	Spot assay	MRSA	Agar method +	Pakistan	Rasool et al., 2016
	Lysostaphin + L. monocytogenes bacteriophage endolysin-ply511	N/A	Peptidoglycan hydrolytic activity	MRSA	Agar method High bactericidal activity	Australia	Turner et al., 2007