Table 1.

Biological function of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in mice.

Peptide	Neurotransmitter/Neuropeptide	Source	Receptor	Location	Biological Function
NE	Neurotransmitter	Adrenal glands	ADRB2	Intestines and Lungs	Negative regulator of ILC2s
Ach	Neurotransmitter	ChAT and Vagal nerves	M3R	Intestines, Lungs, and MLNs	Suppresses airway neutrophilia
GTS-21/PNU-282987	Neurotransmitter ACh surrogate	Synthetically derived	α7nAChR	Lungs	Negative regulator of ILC2s
CGRP	Neuropeptide	PNECs	RAMP1 and CALCRL	Lungs	Promotes IL-5, suppresses IL-13
NMU	Neuropeptide	Cholinergic mucosal neurons and CNS	NMUR1	Intestines and Lungs	Positive regulator of ILC2s
NMB	Neuropeptide	Cholinergic mucosal neurons and CNS	NMBR	Lungs	Negative regulator of ILC2s
Adenosine	Neuropeptide	Breakdown of ATP by CD39 and CD73	A2A	Lungs	Negative regulator of ILC2s

A2A, adenosine receptor 2a; α7nAChR, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7; ADRB2, beta-2 adrenergic receptor; ACh, acetylcholine; ChAT, choline acetyltransferase; CALCRL, calcitonin receptor like receptor; CGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide; CNS, central nervous system; GAT, gonadal adipose tissue; GTS-21, 3-(2,4 dimethoxybenzylidene anabaseine); M3R, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3; MLNs, mesenteric lymph nodes; NE, norepinephrine; NMU, neuromedin U; NMB, neuromedin B; NMUR1, neuromedin U receptor 1, NMBR, neuromedin B receptor; PNECs, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells; RAMP1, receptor activity modifying protein 1; RET, rearranged during transfection; ILC2s, group 2 innate lymphoid cells.