Table 2:
Baseline Characteristics of New Initiators of Direct Oral Anticoagulants After Propensity Score Matching
| Rivaroxaban | Dabigatran | SMD | Rivaroxaban | Apixaban | SMD | Dabigatran | Apixaban | SMD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Patients | 125,338 | 125,338 | - | 331,796 | 331,796 | - | 125,718 | 125,718 | - |
| Demographics, % | |||||||||
| Age (years), mean* | 73.1 | 73.1 | −0.002 | 73.5 | 73.5 | −0.006 | 73.2 | 73.3 | −0.008 |
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| 21–64 | 17.4 | 17.9 | −0.013 | 16.5 | 16.4 | 0.002 | 17.8 | 17.2 | 0.019 |
| 65 – 74 | 38.2 | 37.1 | 0.023 | 38.0 | 38.2 | −0.003 | 37.1 | 38.1 | −0.022 |
| 75 – 84 | 31.5 | 32.2 | −0.014 | 32.1 | 31.5 | 0.012 | 32.2 | 31.3 | 0.021 |
| 85 – 99 | 12.8 | 12.9 | −0.002 | 13.4 | 13.9 | −0.014 | 13.0 | 13.5 | −0.015 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female* | 45.5 | 45.7 | −0.004 | 45.7 | 45.8 | −0.003 | 45.7 | 45.9 | −0.004 |
| Male* | 54.5 | 54.3 | 0.004 | 54.3 | 54.2 | 0.003 | 54.3 | 54.1 | 0.004 |
| Race | |||||||||
| White | 72.5 | 73.1 | −0.018 | 73.7 | 74.1 | −0.013 | 73.1 | 72.9 | 0.006 |
| Black | 4.6 | 4.3 | 0.010 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 0.003 | 4.4 | 4.5 | −0.008 |
| Asian | 1.4 | 1.5 | −0.009 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.015 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.024 |
| American Indian | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.004 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.007 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.000 |
| Native Hawaiian | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.010 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.001 | 0.1 | 0.1 | −0.011 |
| Unknown | 21.2 | 20.8 | 0.018 | 19.7 | 19.6 | 0.007 | 20.7 | 21.0 | −0.011 |
| Hispanic Origin | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.005 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.027 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.026 |
| Year | |||||||||
| 2010 | - | 1.3 | - | - | - | - | 1.3 | - | - |
| 2011 | 0.1 | 27.6 | −0.874 | 0.1 | - | - | 27.5 | - | - |
| 2012 | 5.5 | 21.6 | −0.485 | 5.3 | - | - | 21.5 | - | - |
| 2013 | 12.2 | 13.1 | −0.026 | 12.1 | 2.1 | 0.400 | 13.1 | 2.1 | 0.422 |
| 2014 | 15.4 | 9.0 | 0.195 | 15.4 | 6.8 | 0.275 | 9.1 | 6.9 | 0.080 |
| 2015 | 13.5 | 6.6 | 0.232 | 13.4 | 12.0 | 0.041 | 6.6 | 12.0 | −0.188 |
| 2016 | 13.0 | 8.3 | 0.151 | 13.1 | 15.9 | −0.079 | 8.4 | 15.9 | −0.230 |
| 2017 | 15.2 | 6.5 | 0.284 | 15.3 | 16.6 | −0.037 | 6.5 | 16.5 | −0.317 |
| 2018 | 13.7 | 3.9 | 0.351 | 13.7 | 22.5 | −0.231 | 3.9 | 22.6 | −0.574 |
| 2019 | 11.4 | 2.1 | 0.379 | 11.5 | 23.8 | −0.327 | 2.1 | 23.8 | −0.685 |
| 2020 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.130 | 1.1 | 2.9 | −0.132 | 0.1 | 2.9 | −0.229 |
| Baseline Comorbidities, % | |||||||||
| Charlson Comorbidity Score, mean* | 2.4 | 2.4 | −0.011 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 0.007 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 0.013 |
| Autoimmune diseases* | 5.5 | 5.7 | −0.009 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 0.005 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 0.015 |
| Blood disorders* | 18.1 | 18.6 | −0.012 | 18.8 | 18.3 | 0.012 | 18.7 | 17.8 | 0.024 |
| Viral infections* | 1.3 | 1.3 | −0.001 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.001 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.005 |
| Chronic bacteremia* | 0.5 | 0.6 | −0.005 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.002 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.004 |
| Anti-infectives* | 28.9 | 29.4 | −0.013 | 30.0 | 29.7 | 0.007 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 0.025 |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)* | 5.9 | 6.2 | −0.010 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 0.004 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 0.016 |
| Psychoactive drugs* | 3.6 | 3.8 | −0.008 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 0.004 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 0.011 |
| Cardiovascular and diuretic drugs* | 62.5 | 62.9 | −0.007 | 61.0 | 61.0 | 0.000 | 63.0 | 62.7 | 0.006 |
| Beta-adrenergic receptor agonists* | 9.7 | 10.1 | −0.012 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 0.005 | 10.1 | 9.8 | 0.011 |
| Anticonvulsants* | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.000 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.003 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.000 |
| Baseline Health Utilization, mean | |||||||||
| Number of ambulatory encounters | 9.8 | 10.0 | −0.034 | 10.0 | 10.2 | −0.023 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 0.012 |
| Number of emergency room encounters | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.057 | 0.4 | 0.5 | −0.018 | 0.4 | 0.4 | −0.078 |
| Number of inpatient hospital encounters | 0.4 | 0.5 | −0.062 | 0.5 | 0.5 | −0.014 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.045 |
| Number of non-acute institutional encounters | 0.1 | 0.1 | −0.002 | 0.1 | 0.1 | −0.002 | 0.1 | 0.1 | −0.003 |
| Number of other ambulatory encounters | 4.3 | 4.4 | −0.016 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 0.002 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 0.014 |
| Number of unique drug classes | 7.9 | 8.1 | −0.058 | 8.1 | 8.1 | −0.000 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 0.057 |
| Number of generics | 8.3 | 8.6 | −0.059 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 0.001 | 8.6 | 8.4 | 0.060 |
| Number of filled prescriptions | 18.6 | 20.2 | −0.104 | 19.1 | 18.6 | 0.031 | 20.2 | 18.2 | 0.133 |
*
Included in the propensity score model
SMD = Standardized Mean Difference