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. 2022 Dec 12;12(1):1–16. doi: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00496

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© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

Permits non-commercial access and re-use, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained; but does not permit creation of adaptations or other derivative works (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Current and envisioned sample processing techniques. Traditional nucleic acid extraction: Column-based method: Many steps are required, from sample collection to lysis, washing, and elution. As a result, the final product is highly purified. One-step extraction followed by detection: After sample collection, only a lysis step is required, after which a portion of the sample is loaded into the detection mix. Envisioned one-step sample-to-answer: Simple diagnostics tests are needed to meet the growing demand for home-based kits. Such kits would require minimal handling from the user, such as self-collection of the sample and loading it into a one-step assay system.