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. 2022 Dec 12;12(1):1–16. doi: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00496

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© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

Permits non-commercial access and re-use, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained; but does not permit creation of adaptations or other derivative works (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Signal detection and data sharing. (a) LFA readout: A reporter labeled with FAM and biotin can be detected on the commercial Millenia 1T LFA strip. FAM has an affinity for the anti-FITC antibody, and biotin binds streptavidin. If the reporter is not cleaved, migration stops at the streptavidin lane. If the reporter is cleaved, the FITC-bound FAM reporter migrates further toward the anti-FITC antibody lane, giving a positive test result. (b) Fluorescent readout: A fluorescence signal can be visually interpreted using portable, affordable devices such as P51. (c) Digital signal acquisition and data sharing: Smartphone apps enabled by artificial intelligence can acquire a signal generated by a device such as P51, interpret the signal, and share it with concerned public health institutions.