TABLE 2.

Clinical trials of MSC therapy in skin non-healing defects.

NCT number	Conduct/publication time	Human cell type	Disease	Phase	Object number	Time frame	Clinical parameters	Ref
03,267,784	2017–2020	Allogenic - ABCB5+ MSC	Diabetic neuropathic ulcer	Ⅰ, Ⅱ	23	12 weeks	Diminish wound surface area	Kerstan et al. (202); Kerstan et al. (2022)
Unreported	2007	Autologous-BM-MSC	Acute and chronic wounds (over 1 year)	—	13	20 weeks	Stimulate the healing process	Falanga et al. (2007)
Unreported	2009	Autologous-BM-MSC	Chronic wounds of lower limb	—	24	12 weeks	Reduce wound size, elongate pain-free walking distance, ameliorate blood perfusion of low limb	Dash et al. (2009)
00,955,669	2009–2010	Autologous-BM-MSC	Diabetic Critical Limb Ischemia and DFU	Ⅰ	41	3 years	Boost leg blood perfusion and ulcerative healing, diminish amputation and ulcer recurrence	Chen et al. (2018a); Lu et al. (2019)
ChiCTR 2200055885	2009–2020	Allogenic UCB-MSC	PAD and incurable DFU	Ⅰ	14	3 years	Quicken ulcer closure process, no relief of angiostenosis	Zhang et al. (2022a)
Unreported	2013	Allogenic UCB-MSC	DFU	—	15	12 weeks	Relieve pain, numbness and coldness, improve ABI and TcO2, reduce blood glucose level and amount of required insulin	Li et al. (2013)
Unreported	2013	Allogenic UCB-MSC	PAD	Ⅰ	8	6 months	Ulceration healed in three of four, angiographic scores added in three of eight	Yang et al. (2013)
02,619,877	2015–2016	Allogenic AD-MSC	DFU	Ⅱ	59	12 weeks	Accelerate wound closing and re-epithelialization	Moon et al. (2019)

BM, bone marrow; UCB, umbilical cord blood; DFU, diabetic foot ulcer; PAD, peripheral arterial disease.