TABLE 3.
Proportion (%) of UPF in food and beverages using three methods to identify them, according to food categories (n = 1,861).
| Food categories | Classic | Ingredient marker | Food additive |
| Water, tea, and coffee (n = 46) | 6.5 | 8.7 | 13.0 |
| Sweetened beverages (n = 186) | 98.4 | 99.5 | 99.5 |
| Milk and plain yogurt (n = 53) | 3.8 | 49.1 | 60.4 |
| Milk-based drinks (n = 62) | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Flavored or sweetened yogurt (n = 89) | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Dairy desserts (n = 63) | 98.4 | 96.8 | 96.8 |
| Cheese (n = 36) | 5.6 | 33.3 | 66.7 |
| Cereals, flours, and pulses (n = 111) | 7.2 | 6.3 | 62.2 |
| Breakfast cereals, and granola bars (n = 73) | 97.3 | 95.9 | 95.9 |
| Fresh breads (n = 8) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Packaged breads (n = 35) | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Crackers and cookies (n = 108) | 100.0 | 98.1 | 98.1 |
| Cakes and pies (n = 75) | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Snacks (n = 51) | 80.4 | 60.8 | 60.8 |
| Confectionaries (n = 188) | 100.0 | 98.4 | 98.4 |
| Fast food (n = 16) | 93.8 | 93.8 | 93.8 |
| Soups, sauces, and salts (n = 85) | 78.8 | 81.2 | 92.9 |
| Meat, fish and eggs (n = 103) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Salted, smoked or canned meat or fish (n = 39) | 59.0 | 61.5 | 61.5 |
| Reconstituted meat or fish (n = 92) | 98.9 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Fruits and vegetables (n = 155) | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Fruits and vegetable preserves (n = 53) | 60.4 | 77.4 | 77.4 |
| Baby food (n = 11) | 54.5 | 54.5 | 54.5 |
| Sweeteners (n = 36) | 58.3 | 58.3 | 61.1 |
| Fats and oils (n = 87) | 31.0 | 32.2 | 47.1 |
| Total (n = 1,861) | 65.2 | 67.0 | 72.6 |