Table 4.

Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) summary of findings table for the outcomes of the systematic review and meta-analysis

Quality assessment							Summary of results
Number of studies	Study design	Risk of bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Publication biases	Number of participants	Effect	General quality
								Prevalence (95%CI)
22	Cross-sectional	Serious*	Very serious**	No serious	Serious***	Not detected	13,365	40.3% (95% CI: 32.2%–48.7%)	⊕○○○ Very low

*High risk of bias was detected in 40.9% of studies

**High inconsistency, assessed through heterogeneity, was detected in the meta-analyses

***The confidence interval of the effect estimate varied more than 5 points