Table 5.
Quantitative synthesis of studies on psychotherapy with focus on cognitive behavioral therapy sorted by risk of bias (RoB) assessment
| BL vs. post | BL vs. 3FU | BL vs. 6FU | ||||
| Reference | RoB | Scale | TG | CG | TG | TG |
| Symptom severity | ||||||
| Bőthe et al. (2021) a | 61 | PPCS | 1.19 [0.36, 2.03] | -0.02 [-0.35, 0.30] | ||
| Hallberg et al. (2019) b | 46 | HD:CAS | 0.82 [0.53, 1.11] | 0.06 [-0.30, 0.44] | 0.78 [0.42, 1.15] | 0.64 [0.20, 1.08] |
| Hallberg et al. (2019) b | 46 | SCS | 0.60 [0.30, 0.89] | 0.00 [-0.38, 0.39] | 0.89 [0.52, 1.26] | 0.93 [0.48, 1.38] |
| Wilson and Fischer (2018) | 36 | HBI-19 | 2.60 [1.88, 3.33] | 2.00 [1.35, 2.66] | ||
| Crosby and Twohig (2016) | 35 | SCS | 1.25 [0.44, 2.06] | 0.15 [-0.62, 0.92] | ||
| Hallberg et al. (2020) | 34 | HBI-19 | 1.53 [0.99, 2.06] | 1.43 [0.86, 2.00] | ||
| Hallberg et al. (2020) | 34 | HD:CAS | 4.89 [3.95, 5.82] | 5.12 [4.08, 6.16] | ||
| Hallberg et al. (2020) | 34 | SCS | 6.02 [4.92, 7.12] | 6.66 [5.37, 7.95] | ||
| Holas et al. (2020) | 25 | BPS | 0.51 [-0.40, 1.40] | |||
| Behavior enactment | ||||||
| Bőthe et al. (2021) a | 61 | freq | 1.45 [0.59, 2.32] | -0.07 [-0.40, 0.25] | ||
| Bőthe et al. (2021) a | 61 | dur | 0.03 [-0.73, 0.80] | 0.05 [-0.28, 0.37] | ||
| Crosby and Twohig (2016) | 35 | am | 1.72 [0.85, 2.58] | 0.29 [-0.49, 1.06] | ||
| Holas et al. (2020) | 25 | amc | 0.89 [-3.30, 2.07] | |||
Note. Cohen's d and 95% confidence intervals are reported. References are sorted from lowest to highest risk of bias with higher sum scores indicating lower risk of bias. Risk of bias evaluation is based on CONSORT criteria. asample consisting of individuals who self-identified as having PPU/were willing to participate in an online treatment for PPU, bpooled sample (treatment group and post waitlist treatment group), camount of time spent using pornography. 3/6FU = 3/6 months follow-up assessment, am = amount of behavior enactment, BL = baseline assessment, BPS = Brief Pornography Screener (Kraus et al., 2020), CG = control group, dur = duration of session when enacting in behavior, freq = frequency of behavior enactment, HBI-19 = Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (Reid et al., 2011), HD:CAS = Hypersexual Disorder: Current Assessment Scale (American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 workgroup on sexual and gender identity disorders), HDSI = Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory (Kafka, 2013), post = post treatment assessment, PPCS = Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (Bőthe et al., 2018), RoB = risk of bias assessment, SCS = Sexual Compulsivity Scale (Kalichman & Rompa, 1995), TG = treatment group.