Table 1.

Clinical data included in this study.

	Metformin (n=12)			FMT (n=9)			FMT plus metformin (n=8)
Index	Week 0	Week 4	p value	Week 0	Week 4	p value	Week 0	Week 4	p value
FBG	9.08±2.02	8.37±1.98	0	14.3±1.99	8.12±0.72	0	9.24±1.92	6.78±1.68	0.01
PBG	13.96±2.61	11.35±1.92	0	18.48±5.59	11.34±2.2	0	14.21±4.77	9.08±2	0.01
HbA1c	8.56±1.13	8.29±1.09	0	10.75±1.85	8.57±1.97	0.01	9.1±2.14	8.76±2.21	0.01
HOMA-HBCI	41.55±20.25	58.04±37.21	0.03	22.9±16.06	44.65±23.03	0	41.86±19.77	86.47±109.22	0.01
BMI	27.51±0.89	27.42±0.99	0.2	27.2±0.95	26.37±0.87	0	27.27±1.07	26.46±1.28	0.01
HOMA-IR	3.99±1.39	4.51±2.03	0.52	6.73±2.88	3.55±1.58	0	5.57±5.91	3.61±4.15	0.01
PCP	4.58±2.09	4±1.26	0.13	3.85±2.19	4.5±2.35	0.13	3.86±3.21	4.62±4.21	0.84
FINS	10.08±3.03	12.21±5.34	0.27	11.05±5.25	9.93±4.63	0.07	12.33±9.65	12.04±14.81	0.25
AFU	30.32±4.02	28.49±3.43	0.09	25.88±5.75	24.5±4.24	0.25	19.69±7.16	24.23±7.58	0.03
FCP	1.89±1.12	1.87±0.72	0.62	1.57±0.99	1.76±0.71	0.43	1.68±1.22	1.99±0.93	0.74
Creatinine	87.67±94.69	75±39.53	0.4	64.67±11.07	68±12.45	0.11	66.38±12.39	72.25±14.66	0.09
GGT	30.93±13.1	33.6±16.84	0.73	39.03±56.67	35.1±51.57	0.36	31.27±17.9	23.32±12.02	0.15
D-BIL	4.21±1.09	3.61±1.45	0.08	3.96±1.37	3.66±1.04	0.43	3.12±1.43	3.7±1.24	0.53
ALP	83.75±15.79	67.33±11.24	0	73.22±29.39	69.89±16.71	1	68.88±11.64	67.12±14.19	0.36
TBA	6.82±2.31	3.36±2.24	0	6.28±7.42	3.53±1.68	0.31	3.99±2.68	4.22±3.42	0.95
TBIL	11.4±2.77	11.08±4.37	0.62	12.71±4.1	12.19±3.81	0.82	13.04±7.3	13.26±4.71	0.95
APO-B	0.86±0.24	0.97±0.18	0.08	1.03±0.35	1.11±0.26	0.65	0.84±0.21	0.83±0.21	0.74
PINS	37.38±22.24	31.74±14.88	0.2	35.72±24.36	35.23±28.05	0.82	31.31±21.07	14.3±14.47	0.04
LDL-C	2.96±1.09	3.12±0.74	0.57	2.98±0.56	3.52±0.79	0.16	2.78±1.12	2.74±0.75	0.74
BUN	5.22±2.46	5.77±2.41	0.13	5.21±0.81	5.64±1.2	0.25	5.68±1.26	5.01±2.1	0.55
ALT	30.23±34.83	35.03±46.76	0.46	22.8±11.11	21.43±5.86	0.73	29.55±19.71	24.2±6.66	0.38
HDL-C	1.19±0.24	1.25±0.27	0.14	1.13±0.28	1.16±0.2	0.64	1.32±0.52	1.27±0.46	0.2
CHE	9196.42±1539.21	9511.5±1510.36	0.47	9830.11±2714.23	9413.89±1709.88	0.73	6051.88±3700.28	6019.25±3762.15	0.74
UA	366.42±81.33	374.5±67.24	0.73	4061.56±126.12	366.11±74.71	0.57	377.38±59.76	360.12±60.41	0.01
TG	1.74±0.57	1.52±0.46	0.23	3.84±5.5	2.3±1.36	0.57	2.18±1.44	1.26±0.29	0.04
TC	4.72±1.35	4.87±0.79	0.64	5.37±1.02	5.48±0.36	0.73	4.8±1.13	4.44±0.71	0.64
AST/ALT	1.17±0.38	0.86±0.24	0.01	1±0.31	1.02±0.23	0.83	1.12±0.6	1.06±0.24	0.94
TP	75.22±5.45	72.91±4.03	0.11	73.51±10.05	74.67±3.6	0.57	72.36±11.66	68.65±6.16	0.31
MAO	4.25±0.97	4.25±1.14	1	6.67±6.86	4.44±2.3	1	5.55±1.44	7.06±2.48	0.14
I-BIL	6.8±1.87	7.27±2.96	0.62	8.76±2.91	8.94±2.34	1	9.92±6.87	9.03±4.17	0.64
Globulin	26.82±3.85	26.95±4	0.97	26.37±6.58	27.88±3.26	0.43	27.89±6.11	23.92±3.38	0.04
AST	27.88±13.51	24.23±17.34	0.03	20.29±6.06	21.59±5.57	0.91	25.24±7.82	22.88±6.27	0.23
APO-A	1.28±0.21	1.23±0.16	0.24	1.43±0.29	1.35±0.15	0.82	1.4±0.19	1.31±0.41	0.38
Albumin	48.44±2.89	46.36±1.99	0.02	47.04±3.77	47.3±2.48	0.91	44.47±6.43	44.86±5.87	0.89

The data are shown as the mean±SD. N=12 in the metformin group, N=9 in the FMT group and n=8 in the FMT plus metformin group for all outcomes. FMT, fecal microbiota transplantation; FBG, fasting blood glucose; PBG, postprandial blood glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.

HOMA-HBCI=20×FINS/(FBG-3.5); BMI, body mass index; HOMA-IR=(FBG×FINS)/22.5; PCP, postprandial c-peptide; FINS, fasting insulin; AFU, α-L-fucosidase; FCP, fasting c-peptide; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptadase; D-BIL, direct bilirubin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; TBA, total bile acid; TBIL, total bilirubin; APO-B, apolipoprotein B; PINS, postprandial insulin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; BUN, urea nitrogen; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; HDLC, high-density lipoprotein; CHE, cholinesterase;UA, uric acid; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol;TP, total protein; MAO, monoamine oxidase; I-BIL, indirect bilirubin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; APOA, apolipoprotein A.

Bold values represents statistically significant indicators.