Table 3.
Quality assessment of the included cohort studies by Newcastle–Ottawa scale
| Study, year | Selection | Comparability | Outcome | Overall stars | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representativeness of the exposed cohort | Representative of the non-exposed cohort | Ascertainment of exposure | Outcome was not present at start of study | Assessment of the outcome | Length of follow-up | Adequacy of follow-up | |||
| Cannata et al. 2020 [30] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 8 |
| Lam et al. 2020 [31] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | – | – | 6 |
| Chaudhri et al. 2020 [32] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | – | – | 6 |
| Soleimani et al. 2020 [33] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 8 |
| Lahens et al. 2021 [34] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 8 |
| Aparisi et al. 2022 [35] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | – | – | – | 5 |
| de Abajo et al. 2021 [36] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 8 |
★: the quality of this specific item met the criterion; –: the item was not qualified to be awarded a star