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. 2023 Jan 25;128:335–346. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.018

Table 1.

Overview of the included vaccines.

Research contents Type Number of studies Vaccine name Type of ingredient (in one dose) Study ID
Vaccine effectiveness mRNA vaccine 3 Pfizer-BioNTech Active ingredient Adjuvant Other excipients Dagan et al.[11];
Goldshtein et al.[12];
Butt et al.[13]
mRN:
Tozinameran is a single-stranded, 5’-capped mRNA produced using a cell-free in vitro transcription from the corresponding DNA templates, encoding the viral spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.
/ -Lipids (fats)*:
2[(polyethylene glycol (PEG))-2000]-N,N-ditetradecylacetamide
1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Cholesterol (plant derived)
((4-hydroxybutyl)azanediyl)bis(hexane-6,1-diyl)bis(2-hexyldecanoate)
-Sugar and acid stabilizers:
Sucrose (table sugar)
Tromethamine
Tromethamine hydrochloride
One vial (0.45 ml) contains six doses of 0.3 ml after dilution.
One dose (0.3 ml) contains 30 micrograms of tozinameran, a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (embedded in lipid nanoparticles).
* Lipid nanoparticle formulation has intrinsic adjuvant activity.
Moderna Active ingredient Adjuvant Other excipients Butt et al.[13]
-mRNA:
Elasomeran is a single-stranded, 5’-capped mRNA produced using a cell-free in vitro transcription from the corresponding DNA templates, encoding the viral spike protein of SARS-CoV-2
/ -Lipids (fats)*:
PEG2000-DMG: 1,2-dimyristoyl-rac-glycerol, methoxypolyethylene glycol
1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
BotaniChol® (nonanimal origin cholesterol)
SM-102: heptadecane-9-yl 8-((2-hydroxyethyl) (6-oxo-6-(undecyloxy) hexyl) amino) octanoate
-Salt, sugar, acid stabilizers, and acid:
Sodium acetate
Sucrose (basic table sugar)
Tromethamine
Tromethamine hydrochloride
Acetic acid (the main ingredient in white household vinegar)
This is a multidose vial that contains 10 doses of 0.5 ml each or a maximum of 20 doses of 0.25 ml each.
One dose (0.5 ml) contains 100 micrograms of elasomeran, a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (embedded in SM-102 lipid nanoparticles).
One dose (0.25 ml) contains 50 micrograms of elasomeran, a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (embedded in SM-102 lipid nanoparticles).
* Lipid nanoparticle formulation has intrinsic adjuvant activity.
Inactivated vaccines 1 CoronaVac Active ingredient Adjuvant Other excipients Paixao et al.[14]
-3 μg of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus -Aluminum hydroxide:
0.5 ml of aluminum hydroxide diluent per dose
- Salt, sugar, acid stabilizers, and acid:
disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium, chloride, and water for injection
One dose (0.5 ml) is composed of 3 μg of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus
Research contents Type Number of studies Vaccine name Type of ingredient
(in one dose)
Study ID
Vaccine Safety mRNA vaccine 13 Pfizer-BioNTech Active ingredient Adjuvant Other excipients Theiler et al.[16];
Wainstock et al.[17];
Goldshtein et al.[12];
Rottenstreich et al.[18];
Bookstein Peretz et al.[21];
Blakeway et al.[19];
Lipkind et al.[20];
Shimabukuro et al.[26];
Kachikis et al.[22];
Trostle et al.[23];
Zauche et al.[24];
Kharbanda et al.[25];
Magnus et al.[15]
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) / -Lipids (fats)*
-Sugar and acid stabilizers
One vial (0.45 ml) contains six doses of 0.3 ml after dilution.
One dose (0.3 ml) contains 30 micrograms of tozinameran, a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (embedded in lipid nanoparticles).
* Lipid nanoparticle formulation has intrinsic adjuvant activity.
Moderna Active ingredient Adjuvant Other excipients Theiler et al.[16];
Blakeway et al.[19];
Lipkind et al.[20];
Shimabukuro et al.[26];
Kachikis et al.[22];
Trostle et al.[23];
Kharbanda et al.[25];
Magnus et al.[15]
-Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) -Lipids (fats)*
-Salt, sugar, acid stabilizers, and acid
One dose (0.5 ml) contains 100 micrograms of elasomeran, a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (embedded in SM-102 lipid nanoparticles).
One dose (0.25 ml) contains 50 micrograms of elasomeran, a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (embedded in SM-102 lipid nanoparticles).
* Lipid nanoparticle formulation has intrinsic adjuvant activity.
Viral vector vaccine Janssen Active ingredient Adjuvant Other excipients Theiler et al.[16];
Lipkind et al.[20];
[21]
-A harmless version of a virus unrelated to the COVID-19 virus:
Recombinant, replication-incompetent Ad26 vector, encoding a stabilized variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein
/ -Excipients with known effect:
Each dose (0.5 ml) contains approximately 2 mg of ethanol.
-Sugars, salts, acid, and acid stabilizer:
Polysorbate-80
2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
Trisodium citrate dihydrate
Sodium chloride (basic table salt)
Citric acid monohydrate (closely related to lemon juice)
This is a multidose vial which contains five doses of 0.5 ml.
One dose (0.5 ml) contains: Adenovirus type 26 encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein* (Ad26.COV2-S), no less than 8.92 log10 infectious units.
Produced in the PER.C6 TetR Cell Line and by recombinant DNA technology.
Oxford-AstraZeneca Active ingredient Adjuvant Other excipients Blakeway et al.[19];
Magnus et al.[15]
-COVID-19 Vaccine (ChAdOx1-S* recombinant), not less than 2.5 × 108 infectious units

-Recombinant, replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vector encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein:
Produced in genetically modified human embryonic kidney 293 cells.
/ - Sugars, salts, acid, and acid stabilizer:
L-Histidine, L-Histidine hydrochloride monohydrate, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, polysorbate 80 (E 433), ethanol, sucrose, Sodium chloride, disodium edetate dihydrate, and water for injections
One dose (0.5 ml) contains no less than 2.5 × 108 infectious units.

mRNA, messenger RNA.