Table 2.

Individual highest academic qualification and personal gender.

Items	Female sample		Male sample			F	%	F	%	Total
Illiterate/semi-literate	509	11.5	365	6.2	874
Primary school	599	13.6	994	16.9	1,593
Junior high school	1,441	32.6	2,164	36.7	3,605
Senior high school	941	21.3	1,317	22.3	2,258
3-year college	467	10.6	548	9.3	1,015
4-year college	428	9.7	473	8.0	901
Master’s degree	33	0.7	33	0.6	66
Doctoral degree	1	0.0	5	0.1	6
Total	4,419	100.0	5,899	100.0	10,318