Table 2.
Describing abnormal anatomical features detected between birth and 2 years.
| Detected between birth and 2 years | Detected between birth and current age | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anatomical anomaly | UHL (N = 25) | Matched controls (N = 25) | UHL (N = 25) | Matched controls (N = 25) |
| Inner ear malformations | 14 (56%) | 0 (0%) | 14 (56%)a | 0 (0%) |
| Craniofacial anomalies | 12 (48%) | 2 (8%) | 12 (48%)a | 2 (8%) |
| Major anomaly only | 4 (16%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (16%) | 0 (0%) |
| Minor anomaly only | 6 (24%) | 2 (8%) | 6 (24%) | 2 (8%) |
| Major and minor anomaly | 2 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (8%) | 0 (0%) |
| Ear anomaly only | 5 (20%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (20%)a | 0 (0%) |
| Face or head anomaly only | 4 (16%) | 2 (8%) | 4 (16%) | 2 (8%) |
| Ear and face or head anomaly | 3 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (12%) | 0 (0%) |
| Neurological and spinal | 5 (20%) | 1 (4%) | 8 (32%) | 2 (8%) |
| Gastrointestinal | 5 (20%) | 1 (4%) | 7 (28%) | 2 (8%) |
| Vision and eye | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (24%) | 1 (4%) |
| Other malformations | 5 (20%) | 1 (4%) | 5 (20%) | 1 (4%) |
| Cardiac | 5 (20%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (20%) | 2 (8%) |
| Respiratory | 3 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (16%) | 3 (12%) |
| Metabolic | 2 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (16%) | 5 (20%) |
| Renal | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) | 3 (12%) | 1 (4%) |
| Neuromotor | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (12%) | 2 (8%) |
| Total number of anomalies | 41 | 6 | 71b | 21 |
a
Indicates there was a statistically significant difference between the cases (UHL) and matched controls using Fischer's Exact (as n ≤ 5).
b
Indicates there was a statistically significant difference between the cases (UHL) and matched controls using Mann–Whitney U test.