Table 2.

Noncancerous pathology mimicking glioblastoma.

Article title	Age (in years) and sex of patient	Initial symptoms	Presentation on imaging	Procedure	Treatment	Ref. no.
“Cerebral Cryptococcoma Mimicking Glioblastoma” PMID: 28188169	55 males	1-month history of headaches	Encapsulated cryptococcoma presenting as a large cystic lesion mistaken for GBM	Lumbar puncture with CSF examination	Dexamethasone, amphotericin, and 5-flucytosine initially followed by surgical resection	[14]
“Intracerebral Neurocysticercosis Mimicking Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Rare Differential Diagnosis in Central Europe” PMID: 11305755	47 males	A 4-week history of speech difficulties	Low-density multilobulated cystic frontal mass with peripheral ring contrast enhancement adjacent to the Sylvian fissure	Surgical removal and histologic examination	Surgical resection	[15]
“Basal Ganglia Infarction Mimicking Glioblastoma” PMID: 16183553	52 males	Acute brachiofacial paresis	A hyperintense lesion with mass effect and ring enhancement in basal ganglia	No biopsy done	Recommended stereotactic brain biopsy, but the patient recovered gradually	[16]
“The Eyes as a Window to the Brain: A Teaching Case Report of Misdiagnosed Glioblastoma”	43 males	Vision loss	Intra-axial oval-shaped mass with a partial fluid component at the left occipital lobe measuring approximately 5 cm long, 7.7 cm anterior-posterior, and 2.7 cm transversely with minimal surrounding edema and some mass effect and midline shift to the left lateral ventricle	Surgical resection	Radiation therapy and oral chemotherapy with temozolomide	[17]