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. 2023 Jan 24;14:396. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-35907-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Effect of d-SMGs on the dynamic blood-clotting index (n = 3 independent experiments in blank group; n = 5 biologically independent samples in A. fulica d-SMG, H. lucorum d-SMG and Gauze). b Photographs of blood clotting at 150 s. c Scanning electron micrographs of whole blood and platelets contacted with d-SMG (one biologically independent sample in each group). d Schematic for inducing bleeding on rat liver and stopping bleeding by applying d-SMG. e Effect of d-SMGs on blood loss in the rat liver bleeding model (n = 5 rats in each group). f Photographs of blood loss absorbed by filter paper in the rat liver bleeding model. For (a and e), two-tailed t test was used. Data are presented as mean values ± SEM. Scale bars, 10 μm (images of RBC in d), 2 μm (images of platelets in d). Source data are provided as a Source data file.