Fig. 5.

ARIC study participants with middle age serum sodium in upper part of normal range have increased odds to be older than their chronological age. a) 3D Mesh Plots, visualizing difference between biological and chronological age (BA-Age) calculated for visit 2 as functions of serum sodium concentration and age. Participants with serum sodium in the upper half of the normal range have higher BA. b) Serum sodium is positively associated with BA-Age in multivariable linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, race and smoking status. c) Study participants were divided into two groups based on having BA higher or lower than chronological age. In cross-sectional multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, race, and smoking status, odds to have higher BA are increased by ∼10–15% for serum sodium exceeding 142 mmol/l and by ∼50% for serum sodium exceeding 144 mmol/l. See Table S6 for full models results.