Table 3.
Secondary outcome measures: summary of CA validity and reliability across swallow-respiratory sounds for the ‘dysphagic’ and ‘severity’ measures
| Does the patient have dysphagia? n = 23 | What is the patient’s dysphagia severity? n = 23 | |
|---|---|---|
| Statistical analyses | ||
| Correlation with FEES | rs = 0.62 | |
| Sensitivity | 80.1% | |
| Specificity | 22.9% | |
| aROC | 0.52 (CI = 0.42–0.61) | |
| Intra rater exact agreement | 95% | 48% |
| Intra rater close agreement | 88% | |
| Intra rater reliability | Gwet’s AC1 = 0.9 | Kw = 0.49 (CI = 0.33–0.65) |
| Inter rater reliability | Kf = 0.30 (CI = 0.22–0.38) | Kw = 0.41a (CI = 0.16–0.64)b |
| PPV | 74.7% | |
| NPV | 28.9% | |
| FP (type I error) | 77.1% | |
| FN (type II error) | 19.9% | |
| Exact agreement | 65% | 27% |
| Close agreement | 81% |
n = Number of patients, rs = Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient, aROC = Area Under the Receiver-Operating Curve, CI = Confidence Interval (95%), Kw = Weighted Kappa, a = mean of all 28 Weighted Kappas, b = mean of all low limits and upper limits, Kf = Fleiss’ kappa, PPV = Positive Predictive Value, NPP = Negative Predictive Value, FP = False Positive, FN = False Negative