Table 2.

Yield of virgin coconut oil (VCO) by enzyme-assisted extraction method

Enzyme / enzyme combinations	Enzyme quantity (g)	Temperature- time combination for incubation	Centrifugation (x g)	VCO recovery yield (%)	Reference
Cellulase, alpha-amylase, polygalacturonase & protease	0.1	Meal heated at 90 °C for 30 min & kneaded for 1 min followed by enzymatic treatment for 30 min	12,300 × g at 12 °C for 20 min	41.7	Che Man et al. (1996)
Enzyme aspartic protease	0.1	Incubated at 25 °C for 3 h Incubated at 37 °C for 3 h	Coconut milk mixture centrifuged at 3585 × g for 10 min Coconut cream centrifuged at 4880 × g for 15 min	76.0 83.0	Raghavendra & Raghavarao (2010)
Amylases & proteases	1 (each)	Incubated at 40 °C & agitated for 3 h	1792 × g for 30 min at room temperature	65.7	Oseni et al. (2017)
Crude protease extract (CPE) from over ripe pineapple	100	Incubated at 50 °C for 2 h	11,200 × g for 15 min	77.7	Pooi-Pooi et al. (2020)