Figure 2.

Effects of breathing exercises on daily pre- to post-change in subjective measures of anxiety and mood

(A–C) Line plot showing the average daily change in PANAS positive affect (A), PANAS negative affect (B), and STAI state anxiety (C) on days 1–28 in the mindfulness meditation and breathwork groups (average rate of attrition = 2.5 participants/day for breathwork, 0.7 participants/day for mindfulness meditation, error bars = SEM).

(D) Linear mixed-effects model to compare the daily psychological measures between the two types of protocols and estimate the effect of adherence to the protocol. Significant values are indicated in bold. (∗ = p < 0.05).

See also Figures S2 and S4 and Table S2.