Figure 3.

Effects of breathing exercises on daily positive affect

(A) Line plot showing the average change in PANAS positive affect on days 1–28 in the mindfulness meditation and three individual breathwork groups (average rate of attrition = 0.7 participants/day for mindfulness meditation, 0.9 participants/day for cyclic sighing, 0.6 participants/day for box breathing, and 1.1 participants/day for cyclic hyperventilation, error bars = SEM).

(B) Linear mixed-effects model to predict the positive affect change and with four different groups and adherence (number of days on protocol) as fixed effects. Significant values are indicated in bold. (∗ = p < 0.05, ∗∗ = p < 0.01).

See also Figure S2.