Figure 4.

Changes in physiological measures over time

Slope of respiratory rate (A), HRV (C), and RHR (D) over the course of the study in mindfulness meditation (n = 22) and all breathwork (n = 78) groups. Slope of respiratory rate in individual breathwork groups (cyclic sighing: n = 27, box breathing: n = 19, cyclic hyperventilation: n = 32) compared with mindfulness meditation (B). Each dot represents a participant (Mann-Whitney U test for comparison between two groups, Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni-Holm correction for multi-group comparison, B). Upper and lower box edges represent 75th and 25th percentiles, respectively. The whiskers represent the largest and smallest data point that is less than 1.5 times the box length.

See also Figures S3 and S5.