Table 3.
Association Between Behavioral and Social Drivers and COVID-19 Vaccination (≥1 Dose), National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module, August 1–November 27, 2021
| Unadjusted |
Adjusted for demographics |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Behavioral and social drivers of vaccination | Vaccinated %a (95% CI) | Marginal prevalence differenceb | (95% CI) | Marginal prevalence differenceb | (95% CI) |
| Thinking and feeling | |||||
| Concerned about getting COVID-19 | |||||
| Not at all concerned | 53.5 (52.7, 54.4) | — | — | ||
| A little concerned | 78.9 (78.2, 79.6) | 25.2** | (24.1, 26.3) | 21.6** | (20.5, 22.6) |
| Moderately concerned | 85.5 (84.9, 86.1) | 6.6** | (5.7, 7.5) | 5.5** | (4.6, 6.4) |
| Very concerned | 89.5 (88.9, 90.1) | 4.0** | (3.1, 4.9) | 3.1** | (2.2, 4.0) |
| Anticipated regret if not vaccinated | |||||
| Do not agree | 32.0 (31.2, 32.7) | — | — | ||
| Somewhat agree | 79.2 (78.3, 80.0) | 47.2** | (46.0, 48.3) | 42.3** | (41.1, 43.5) |
| Strongly agree | 95.2 (94.8, 95.6) | 16.0** | (15.1, 16.9) | 14.0** | (13.0, 14.9) |
| Very strongly agree | 97.3 (97.0, 97.6) | 2.0** | (1.6, 2.5) | 2.1** | (1.7, 2.7) |
| Thinks that a COVID-19 vaccine is important | |||||
| Not at all important | 11.1 (10.4, 11.8) | — | — | ||
| A little important | 40.8 (39.2, 42.5) | 29.8** | (28.0, 31.6) | 31.8** | (30.0, 33.7) |
| Somewhat important | 65.9 (64.8, 67.0) | 25.2** | (23.2, 27.1) | 23.5** | (21.6, 25.5) |
| Very important | 95.3 (95.1, 95.6) | 29.3** | (28.2, 30.4) | 24.5** | (23.5, 25.6) |
| Thinks that a COVID-19 vaccine is safe | |||||
| Not at all safe | 10.2 (9.5, 10.9) | — | — | ||
| Somewhat safe | 67.1 (66.3, 68.0) | 57.0** | (55.9, 58.1) | 55.1** | (53.8–56.4) |
| Very safe | 94.9 (94.5, 95.2) | 27.7** | (26.7, 28.6) | 24.6** | (23.7–25.5) |
| Completely safe | 96.8 (96.5, 97.1) | 1.9** | (1.5, 2.3) | 2.2** | (1.7, 2.7) |
| Social processes | |||||
| Healthcare provider recommended vaccine | |||||
| No | 71.1 (70.6, 71.6) | — | — | ||
| Yes | 82.9 (82.4, 83.4) | 11.6** | (10.9, 12.3) | 8.6** | (7.9, 9.3) |
| Friends and family vaccinated | |||||
| None | 18.5 (16.8, 20.3) | — | — | ||
| Some | 46.5 (45.7, 47.3) | 28.1** | (26.2, 30.0) | 26.5** | (24.2, 28.8) |
| Many | 82.0 (81.3, 82.7) | 35.5** | (34.4, 36.6) | 30.5** | (29.4, 31.6) |
| Almost all | 94.1 (93.8, 94.4) | 12.0** | (11.2, 12.8) | 10.2** | (9.4, 11.0) |
| Practical issues | |||||
| Difficulty in getting a COVID-19 vaccine | |||||
| Not at all difficult | 74.3 (73.8, 74.7) | — | — | ||
| A little difficult | 87.3 (86.4, 88.1) | 12.9** | (12.0, 13.9) | 10.7** | (9.7, 11.6) |
| Somewhat difficult | 84.9 (83.9, 85.9) | −2.3** | (−1.0, 3.6) | −3.8** | (−2.4, 5.2) |
| Very difficult | 66.8 (64.9, 68.5) | −18.3** | (−16.2, 20.4) | −17.8** | (−15.7, 19.9) |
| Work or school requires you to get a COVID-19 vaccine | |||||
| No | 69.6 (69.1, 70.1) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 91.4 (90.8, 92.0) | 21.8** | (21.1, 22.6) | 19.7** | (19.0, 20.4) |
| Unemployed/not applicable | 85.2 (84.4, 86.0) | 15.5** | (14.6, 16.5) | 1.5* | (0.1, 2.9) |
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (** p<0.001 and * p<0.05).
Overall N=218,521. Data were adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, insurance status, essential/frontline worker status, rurality, and Census region.
Unadjusted frequencies and weighted percentages and marginal prevalence differences.
The marginal preference difference consecutively adds the difference in uptake between each ordinal level of the Behavioral and Social Drivers of Vaccination constructs (e.g., those who are a little concerned about getting COVID-19 are 21.6 [95% CI=20.5, 22.6] percentage points more likely to have at least 1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine than those who are not at all concerned about getting COVID-19).