Table 4.

Mean Comparisons of Crisis Response Strategies on Commitment.

	Presence		Absence		t value	P value
	M	SD	M	SD
Denial	3.38	0.95	3.46	0.94	0.625	0.533
Shifting the blame	3.28	0.84	3.51	0.97	1.981	0.048
Minimization	3.23	0.98	3.54	0.91	2.748	0.006
Justification	3.14	0.97	3.53	0.92	3.145	0.002
Bolstering	3.58	0.90	3.29	0.97	2.805	0.003
Corrective action	3.61	0.94	3.27	0.92	3.275	0.001
Apology	3.62	0.87	3.27	0.98	3.439	0.000