Table 5.
Distribution of somatization variables by response level by stress groups.
| Somatization variables | Response level* (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| Group 1 (low stress) 1 | |||||
| Sleep disorders (insomnia or nightmares) | 14 | 29 | 27 | 24 | 6 |
| Chronic fatigue (permanent fatigue) | 6 | 24 | 37 | 26 | 6 |
| Headaches or migraines | 14 | 33 | 39 | 13 | 1 |
| Digestive problems, abdominal pain, diarrhea | 17 | 31 | 33 | 14 | 6 |
| Scratching, nail biting, rubbing, etc. | 19 | 25 | 23 | 22 | 11 |
| Drowsiness or increased need for sleep | 4 | 13 | 44 | 30 | 9 |
| Muscle pain and/or contractures | 21 | 28 | 30 | 16 | 5 |
| Skin reactions (rash, peeling, etc.) | 54 | 23 | 12 | 8 | 3 |
| Restlessness (inability to relax and be calm) | 8 | 25 | 38 | 24 | 5 |
| Anxiety, anguish, or desperation | 5 | 22 | 44 | 22 | 7 |
| Increased or decreased food consumption | 13 | 21 | 41 | 20 | 5 |
| Feelings of depression and sadness (depressed) | 9 | 24 | 43 | 20 | 4 |
| Feelings of aggressiveness or increased irritability | 12 | 29 | 38 | 18 | 4 |
| Abrupt mood changes | 19 | 29 | 30 | 17 | 4 |
| Conflict or tendency to argue or debate | 19 | 36 | 31 | 12 | 2 |
| Isolation from others | 17 | 28 | 38 | 15 | 3 |
| Unwillingness to perform student duties | 3 | 17 | 50 | 23 | 7 |
| Group 2 (high stress) %1 | |||||
| Sleep disorders (insomnia or nightmares) | 3 | 14 | 26 | 27 | 30 |
| Chronic fatigue (permanent fatigue) | 1 | 7 | 24 | 36 | 31 |
| Headaches or migraines | 4 | 18 | 38 | 26 | 14 |
| Digestive problems, abdominal pain, diarrhea | 6 | 22 | 33 | 22 | 17 |
| Scratching, nail biting, rubbing, etc. | 13 | 15 | 21 | 25 | 26 |
| Drowsiness or increased need for sleep | 0 | 5 | 25 | 36 | 34 |
| Muscle pain and/or contractures | 7 | 18 | 32 | 29 | 15 |
| Skin reactions (rash, peeling, etc.) | 35 | 26 | 21 | 8 | 10 |
| Restlessness (inability to relax and be calm) | 1 | 4 | 31 | 37 | 26 |
| Anxiety, anguish, or desperation | 1 | 5 | 28 | 32 | 34 |
| Increased or decreased food consumption | 4 | 12 | 28 | 32 | 24 |
| Feelings of depression and sadness (depressed) | 3 | 4 | 34 | 32 | 26 |
| Feelings of aggressiveness or increased irritability | 2 | 19 | 35 | 26 | 18 |
| Abrupt mood changes | 3 | 21 | 34 | 26 | 16 |
| Conflict or tendency to argue or debate | 10 | 28 | 34 | 14 | 14 |
| Isolation from others | 5 | 19 | 33 | 27 | 16 |
| Unwillingness to perform student duties | 1 | 3 | 29 | 37 | 30 |
1Grouping cut-off was based on the cluster analysis. *1 = Never, 2 = Seldom, 3 = Sometimes, 4 = Nearly always, and 5 = Always.