TABLE 2.
The rates of hospitalization and intensive care unit admission in COVID-19 patients with or without hyponatremia at presentation and the relationships with different local waves of outbreak.
| Hyponatremia (n = 14,545) | Normonatremia (n = 36,182) | P-value | |
| SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Ct value | 22.2 ± 6.4 | 23.5 ± 6.8 | <0.001a |
| Hospitalized | 8,472 (58.2%) | 23,169 (64.0%) | <0.001b |
| Hospitalization period | 11.9 ± 15.1 | 11.5 ± 12.1 | 0.005a |
| Prolonged hospitalization (%, among hospitalized) | 2,317 (27.3%) | 5,951 (25.7%) | 0.003b |
| Non-hospitalized | 6,073 (41.8%) | 13,013 (36.0%) | <0.001b |
| Required ICU admission | 1,012 (7.0%) | 1,195 (3.3%) | 0.001b |
| ICU hospitalization period | 7.1 ± 12.4 | 8.2 ± 13.1 | 0.04a |
| Prolonged ICU hospitalization (%, among hospitalized in ICU) | 256 (25.3%) | 356 (29.8%) | 0.02b |
| Died in 30 days | 1,407 (9.7%) | 2,051 (5.7%) | 0.001b |
| Local wave (Time periods; predominant SARS-CoV-2 variants) | <0.001b | ||
| Second wave [1st to 30th April 2020; D614G (38)] | 59 (7.3%) | 746 (92.7%) | |
| Third wave [15th Jun–30th September 2020; B.1.1.63 (39)] | 309 (9.9%) | 2,808 (90.1%) | |
| Fourth wave [November 1, 2020–February 28, 2021; B.1.36.27 (39)] | 562 (11.1%) | 4,514 (88.9%) | |
| Fifth wave (1st Jan–31st Mar 2022; Omicron BA.2) | 13,530 (33.8%) | 26,484 (66.2%) | |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless specified and compared by Student’s t-testa and chi-square testb. COVID-19, coronavirus disease-2019; ICU, intensive care unit; VOC, variants of concern.