Table 1.
Articles Included in Systematic Review of NODDI Studies in Psychiatry
| Author, Year | Disorder | Illness Duration | Medication Status | HC/Pt, n | Age, Years | % Male | T | Acquisition Parameters | NODDI Indices Modeled | Analysis Method | Region of Interest | Findings in Patients Compared With Control Subjects | Associations With Clinical Variables |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hanlon et al., 2021 (31) | Psychosis spectrum disorder | Chronic | Medicated | 63/150 | HC: 33.3 ± 8.3 Pt: 32.0 ± 9.4 |
HC: 65.1 Pt: 60.7 |
3 | 87 directions b = 800, 1600, 2400 |
NDI, FWF | VBM | GM, WM | ↓NDI in the lateral prefrontal cortex, superior/medial frontal gyrus, central sulci, superior temporal gyrus, and middle temporal gyrus ↓FWF in the SLF ↑FWF in the cerebral and cerebellar peduncle |
None |
| Kraguljac et al., 2021 (55) | Psychosis spectrum disorder | Firstepisode | Medication naïve | 64/78 | HC: 24.3 ± 5.9 Pt: 23.7 ± 6.0 |
HC: 64.1 Pt: 64.1 |
3 | 98 directions b = 1500, 3000 |
NDI, ODI, FWF | VBM | WM | ↓NDI in commissural and association fibers ↑NDI in projection fibers ↑ODI widespread ↑↓ FWF across regions |
Greater duration of untreated psychosis is associated greater abnormalities in all NODDI indices |
| Alkan et al., 2020 (27) | Psychosis spectrum disorder | First episode | Medicated | 18/31 | HC: 24.1 ± 4.9 Pt: 26.2 ± 5.7 |
HC: 72.2 Pt: 76.3 | 1.5 | 9, 30, 60 directions b = 300, 800, 2400 |
NDI, ODI | ROI | Hippocampus | No group differences in NDI or ODI | NDI in the hippocampus correlates with metacognitive accuracy |
| Kraguljac et al., 2019 (33) | Psychosis spectrum disorder | First episode, chronic | Unmedicated | 42/42 | HC: 27.9 ± 9.4 Pt: 26.6 ± 9.0 |
HC: 61.9 Pt: 61.9 |
3 | 30 directions b = 1000 |
ODI, FWF | VBM | WM | ↑ODI in the posterior limb of the IC | ODI is negatively correlated with subsequent antipsychotic treatment response |
| Rae et al., 2017 (29) | Psychosis spectrum disorder | First episode | Mixed | 19/35 | HC: 24.7 Pt: 26.9 |
HC: 68.4 Pt: 77.1 |
1.5 | 9, 30, 60 directions b = 300, 800, 2400 |
NDI, ODI | TBSS | WM | ↓NDI in many white matter tracts No ODI abnormalities |
None |
| Parvathaneni et al., 2017 (32) | Psychosis spectrum disorder | NR | NR | 47/67 | NR | NR | 3 | 24, 60 directions b = 1000, 2000 |
Vic, Viso, ODI | GS-BSS | GM | ↓ODI in the anterior cingulate cortex and medial frontal gyrus | NR |
| Nazeri et al., 2017 (30) | SZ, BD | Chronic | Medicated | 35/65 | HC: 33.6 ± 12.4 SZ: 35.5 ± 8.4 BD: 31.5 ± 11 |
HC: 54.3 SZ: 52.8 BD: 48.3 |
3 | 30, 30, 30 directions b = 1000, 3000, 4500 |
NDI, ODI | GS-BSS | GM | ↓NDI in the rostromedial temporal lobe in SZ ↑ODI in the PCC SMA and lateral occipital cortex in SZ No alterations in BD |
Higher NDI in frontotemporal areas was correlated with better spatial span performance |
| Sarrazin et al., 2019 (35) | BD | Chronic | Medicated | 40/41 | HC: 36.1 ± 10.1 BD/+Li: 37.1 ± 13.8 BD/−Li: 42.3 ± 12.7 |
HC: 47.5 BD/+Li: 57.7 BD/‒Li: 46.7 |
3 | 30, 60, 60 directions b = 200, 1500, 2700 |
NDI | ROI | GM | ↓NDI in patients not on Li but not in patients on Li | NDI was not correlated with Li dose or serum level in patients |
| Ota et al., 2019 (34) | BD | Chronic | Medicated | 28/31 | HC: 42.3 ± 12.6 Pt: 39.5 ± 9.3 |
HC: 39.3 Pt: 45.2 |
3 | 16 directions b = 1000, 2000 |
NDI, ODI | VBM | WM | ↓NDI in the PCC ↓ODI in the hippocampus |
None |
| Ota et al., 2018 (36) | MDD | Chronic | Medicated | 26/23 | HC: 42.9 ± 12.9 Pt: 42.3 ± 13.4 |
HC: 42.3 Pt: 39.1 |
3 | 16 directions b = 1000, 2000 |
NDI, ODI | VBM | GM, WM ROI in CC, IC, SLF, and posterior thalamic radiation | ↓NDI in the inferior frontal cortex, insula, parahippocampus, superior temporal cortex, cerebellum ↓ODI in the thalamus and occipital gyrus ↑ODI in the SLF, posterior thalamic radiation, and parietal cortex |
ODI in the inferior frontal and middle frontal gyrus was correlated with depression severity |
| Morris et al., 2018 (47) | Binge drinking | NR | NR | 38/28 | HC: 23.7 ± 3.9 Pt: 22.0 ± 4.5 |
HC: 36.8 Pt: 60.7 | 3 | 33, 65 directions b = 700, 2850 |
NDI, ODI | VBM, ROI | GM, WM, ventral striatum | ↑NDI in the superior and middle frontal gyrus, inferior parietal cortex ↓NDI in the postcentral gyrus, angular gyrus, MOG ↓ODI in the DLPFC, inferior parietal cortex, and MOG ↑ODI in the angular and supramarginal gyri, ventral striatum |
ODI in the striatum was correlated with binge drinking scores |
| Kimura et al., 2019 (46) | Chronic fatigue syndrome | Chronic | NR | 23/20 | HC: 38.2 ± 9.2 Pt: 39.8 ± 8.2 |
HC: 4.4 Pt: 5.0 |
3 | 32 directions b = 1000, 2000 |
NDI, ODI | VBM | WM | ↓NDI in the PCC and SLF ↓ODI in occipital areas, putamen, and PCC ↑ODI in occipital and temporal areas |
NR |
| Goodman et al., 2020 (44) | Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures | NR | NR | 37/34a | CGa: 39.7 ± 10.9 Pt: 36.7 ± 11.8 |
CGa: 56.8 Pt: 29.4 |
3 | 47, 46 directions b = 1500, 3000 |
ODI, NDI, FWF | VBM | WM | ↓NDI in the UF, corticospinal tract, and cingulum pathways ↓FWF in the corticospinal tract |
ICVF in the corticospinal tract and posterior cingulum were negatively correlated with depression FWF in the corticospinal tract was negatively correlated with posttraumatic stress scores |
| Andica et al., 2021 (39) | ASD | Chronic | NR | 25/26 | HC: 34.4 ± 9.0 Pt: 32.9 ± 9.2 |
HC: 68.0 Pt: 73.1 |
3 | 32 directions b = 1000, 2000 |
NDI, ODI, Viso | TBSS, ROI | WM | ↓NDI in the right hemisphere and anterior left hemisphere ↑Viso in the posterior left hemisphere |
NDI in the ATR was negatively correlated with communication scores |
| Matsuoka et al., 2020 (38) | ASD | Chronic | Mixed | 29/28 | HC: 27.3 ± 4.9 Pt: 28.9 ± 6.0 |
HC: 82.8 Pt: 85.7 |
3 | 30, 30 directions b = 1000, 2000 |
NDI, ODI | VBM | GM | ↑ODI in the occipital gyrus | ODI was positively correlated with low registration and a passive behavioral response |
| Yasuno et al., 2020 (37) | ASD | Chronic | Mixed | 27/18 | HC: 25.5 ± 2.7 Pt: 28.9 ± 8.2 |
HC: 92.6 Pt: 88.9 |
3 | 30, 30 directions b = 1000, 2000 |
NDI, ODI | VBM | GM, WM | No group differences | NDI in the fusiform and inferior parietal gyrus and CC and ODI in the ventral occipital and superior temporal regions was negatively correlated with recognition |
| Caverzasi et al., 2018 (42) | Developmental dyslexia | NR | NR | 56/39 | HC: 10.0 ± 1.8 Pt: 10.0 ± 1.9 |
HC: 57.1 Pt: 50.0 |
3 | 30, 64 directions b = 700, 2000 |
NDI, ODI | ROI | GM | Abnormal interaction between NODDI and gyrification | NR |
| Sun et al., 2020 (43) | Primary nocturnal enuresis | Chronic | NR | 34/29 | HC: 10.3 ± 1.6 Pt: 9.8 ± 1.2 |
HC: 56.0 Pt: 59.0 |
3 | 32 directions b = 700, 2000 |
NDI, ODI | TBSS | WM | ↓NDI in the IC and cingulum ↑NDI in the SLF ↓ODI in the SLF ↑ODI in the IC and ATR |
NDI in the ATR was negatively correlated with arousal from sleep score in patients |
ASD, autism spectrum disorder; ATR, anterior thalamic radiation; BD, bipolar disorder; CC, corpus callosum; CG, control group; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; FWF, free water fraction; GM, gray matter; GS-BSS, gray matter surface-based spatial statistics; HC, healthy control; IC, internal capsule; ICVF, intracellular volume fraction; Li, lithium; MDD, major depressive disorder; MOG, middle occipital gyrus; NDI, neurite density index; NODDI, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging; NR, not reported; ODI, orientation dispersion index; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; Pt, patient; ROI, region of interest; SLF, superior longitudinal fasciculus; SMA, supplemental motor area; SZ, schizophrenia; T, tesla; TBSS, tract-based spatial statistics; UF, uncinate fasciculus; VBM, voxel-based morphometry; WM, white matter.
a
Clinical control group.