Table 4.
Parameter estimates from two-part mixed-effects model on inpatient expenditures.
| Independent variable | First part | Second part | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | S.E. | OR (95%CI) | P | Estimate | S.E. | Exp (β) | P | |
| Self-medication | −0.145 | 0.028 | 0.865 (0.818, 0.915) | < 0.001 | −0.098 | 0.025 | 0.906 | < 0.001 |
| Age | 0.027 | 0.002 | 1.027 (1.024, 1.030) | < 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 1.003 | 0.018 |
| Gender | 0.454 | 0.037 | 1.574 (1.464, 1.693) | < 0.001 | 0.345 | 0.031 | 1.412 | < 0.001 |
| Educational status | 0.034 | 0.032 | 1.035 (0.973, 1.101) | 0.281 | 0.062 | 0.028 | 1.064 | 0.026 |
| Residential area | −0.008 | 0.040 | 0.992 (0.918, 1.072) | 0.838 | 0.174 | 0.035 | 1.190 | < 0.001 |
| Marital status | −0.001 | 0.041 | 0.999 (0.922, 1.082) | 0.980 | −0.069 | 0.035 | 0.933 | 0.048 |
| Region (Ref: East) | ||||||||
| Mid | 0.179 | 0.038 | 1.196 (1.110, 1.289) | < 0.001 | −0.321 | 0.034 | 0.725 | < 0.001 |
| West | 0.374 | 0.037 | 1.453 (1.351, 1.564) | < 0.001 | −0.394 | 0.033 | 0.674 | < 0.001 |
| Self-rated health (Ref: Fair) | ||||||||
| Very good | −0.665 | 0.078 | 0.514 (0.441, 0.599) | < 0.001 | −0.03 | 0.079 | 0.970 | 0.703 |
| Good | −0.401 | 0.056 | 0.670 (0.600, 0.748) | < 0.001 | −0.028 | 0.056 | 0.973 | 0.622 |
| Poor | 0.496 | 0.034 | 1.642 (1.537, 1.754) | < 0.001 | 0.157 | 0.03 | 1.171 | < 0.001 |
| Very poor | 1.067 | 0.041 | 2.908 (2.683, 3.152) | < 0.001 | 0.349 | 0.034 | 1.418 | < 0.001 |
| Number of chronic diseases | 0.271 | 0.009 | 1.312 (1.289, 1.335) | < 0.001 | 0.026 | 0.007 | 1.026 | < 0.001 |
| Per capita household expense | 0.269 | 0.015 | 1.309 (1.272, 1.347) | < 0.001 | 0.322 | 0.012 | 1.379 | < 0.001 |
| Medical insurance scheme (Ref: None) | ||||||||
| NCMS | 0.462 | 0.067 | 1.588 (1.393, 1.810) | < 0.001 | −0.027 | 0.063 | 0.974 | 0.669 |
| UEBMI | 0.643 | 0.079 | 1.902 (1.631, 2.219) | < 0.001 | 0.312 | 0.072 | 1.367 | < 0.001 |
| URBMI | 0.481 | 0.093 | 1.618 (1.347, 1.943) | < 0.001 | 0.106 | 0.085 | 1.112 | 0.208 |
| URRBMI | 0.463 | 0.092 | 1.589 (1.326, 1.904) | < 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.083 | 1.003 | 0.97 |
| Multiple/other | 0.653 | 0.079 | 1.922 (1.646, 2.244) | < 0.001 | 0.182 | 0.072 | 1.199 | 0.011 |
| Smoke | −0.462 | 0.039 | 0.630 (0.584, 0.680) | < 0.001 | −0.306 | 0.033 | 0.736 | < 0.001 |
| Drink (Ref: No) | ||||||||
| Often | −0.423 | 0.039 | 0.655 (0.607, 0.707) | < 0.001 | −0.236 | 0.034 | 0.790 | < 0.001 |
| Sometimes | −0.284 | 0.054 | 0.753 (0.678, 0.837) | < 0.001 | −0.17 | 0.049 | 0.844 | < 0.001 |
| Year (Ref: 2011) | ||||||||
| 2013 | 0.380 | 0.040 | 1.462 (1.351, 1.582) | < 0.001 | 0.21 | 0.036 | 1.233 | < 0.001 |
| 2015 | 0.337 | 0.039 | 1.400 (1.296, 1.513) | < 0.001 | 0.263 | 0.036 | 1.301 | < 0.001 |
| 2018 | 0.569 | 0.042 | 1.767 (1.626, 1.919) | < 0.001 | 0.307 | 0.038 | 1.359 | < 0.001 |