Figure 1.

Phenotypic associations with probable lifetime MDD as the outcome in the UK Biobank. This figure represents a summary of six generalized linear models with MDD as the outcome and each trait of interest as an independent variable. Each model was controlled for age, sex, six population covariates, 21 assessment center covariates, 105 batch covariates, fasting time, smoking status, and BMI (with the exception of BMI being the independent variable of interest). Only the traits of interest are shown on the y-axis, with the odds of each predictor on the outcome shown on the x-axis (as an odds ratio plotted on a linear scale). Error bars represent a 95% confidence interval. The dashed line represents an odds ratio of 1, equaling no effect. BMI, physical trauma, adulthood trauma, and childhood trauma were significantly associated with higher odds of lifetime MDD after multiple testing correction (p_Bonferroni = .008). BMI, body mass index; MDD, major depressive disorder; PRS, polygenic risk score.