Table 2.

The definition of severe TBI, inclusive criteria and exclusion criteria in our study.

The definition of severe TBI
Large area of brain contusion and laceration, large area of skull fracture, brain stem injury or intracranial hematoma
Coma time > 6 h, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) was 3–8 points
Obvious nervous system dysfunction and vital signs change
Inclusive criteria
The age of patients was 30–60 years old
GCS was 6–8 points
The cause of TBI was traffic accident
The injury type was brain contusion
The injury site was frontal lobe, temporal lobe or frontotemporal lobe
The injury side was unilateral hemisphere (left or right)
Diagnostic criteria of severe TBI and indications of craniotomy were according to the guidelines
Exclusion criteria
The age of patients < 30 years old or > 60 years old The injury type was laceration, hematoma or skull fracture
The injury site was parietal lobe, cerebellum, or brain stem
The injury side was bilateral hemisphere
Hydrocephalus, cerebral hernia, shock or unstable vital signs
Acute brain swelling during operation
Serious basic diseases (such as heart disease, cancer and thrombocytopenia)
The patient's family members refused the operation