Table 4.
Results of the test for moderating effects (this table reported the results of the moderating effect tests for the measurement instruments and cultural dimensions).
| Moderator | Category | k | N | Effect size and 95% interval | Heterogeneity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PE | LL | UL | Q | df | P | ||||
| PSM measurement | Composite | 16 | 30,506 | 0.340 | 0.261 | 0.414 | 1.075 | 1 | 0.300 |
| Global | 12 | 16,552 | 0.388 | 0.337 | 0.436 | ||||
| WE measurement | UWES | 17 | 28,429 | 0.383 | 0.326 | 0.436 | 0.737 | 1 | 0.391 |
| Others | 11 | 18,843 | 0.323 | 0.191 | 0.443 | ||||
| PDI | Higher | 19 | 19,823 | 0.404 | 0.335 | 0.468 | 5.717 | 1 | 0.017 |
| Lower | 9 | 26,474 | 0.263 | 0.165 | 0.356 | ||||
| IDV | Collectivism | 18 | 19,686 | 0.407 | 0.336 | 0.473 | 5.718 | 1 | 0.017 |
| Individualism | 10 | 26,611 | 0.269 | 0.176 | 0.358 | ||||
| MAS | Higher | 21 | 21,928 | 0.342 | 0.293 | 0.389 | 1.536 | 1 | 0.215 |
| Lower | 7 | 24,369 | 0.407 | 0.315 | 0.491 | ||||
| UAI | Higher | 6 | 12,954 | 0.423 | 0.295 | 0.535 | 1.333 | 1 | 0.248 |
| Lower | 22 | 33,343 | 0.343 | 0.289 | 0.394 | ||||
| LTO | Long-term | 18 | 28,822 | 0.413 | 0.359 | 0.465 | 11.165 | 1 | 0.001 |
| Short-term | 10 | 17,475 | 0.256 | 0.177 | 0.331 | ||||
| IVR | Higher | 9 | 26,474 | 0.263 | 0.165 | 0.356 | 5.727 | 1 | 0.017 |
| Lower | 19 | 19,823 | 0.404 | 0.335 | 0.468 | ||||
k, Sample size; N, Research respondents; WE, Work engagement; PSM, Public service motivation; PDI, Power Distance Index; IDV, Individualism/collectivism; MAS, Masculinity/femininity; UAI, Uncertainty Avoidance Index; LTO, Long-term orientation/Short-term orientation; IVR, Indulgence/Restraint; PE, Point Estimate; LL, Lower Limit; UL, Upper Limit.