TABLE 1.

COVID‐19 in patients with lymphoma and other hematologic malignancies

Study	Design	Demographic and clinical characteristics	Mortality rate	Predictors of mortality
Passamonti et al., 2020 6	Retrospective, multicenter study Observation period: 3 m To determine mortality and predictive factors of mortality In‐patients with HM, N = 536 (44% with lymphomas)	Median age 68 (58–77) yr 63% male Median CCI 4 (3–6) 50% with severe/critical COVID‐19	37%	Older age Progressive HM (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.41–3.12) HM type (indolent lymphoma HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.07–4.48; aggressive lymphoma, HR 2.56, 95% CI 1.34–4.89) Severe/critical COVID‐19 (HR 4.08, 95% CI 2.73–6.09)
Yigenoglu et al., 2020 7	Retrospective analysis To compare the outcomes of pts with HM, N = 740 (33.7% with lymphomas) versus pts with no cancer (N = 740)	Median age: 56 versus 56 y Male gender: 53.6% versus 54.1% 28.7% versus 19.6% with severe/critical COVID‐19	CFR 13.8% versus 6.8%, p = 0.0001; 10.8% for NHL and 14.8% for HL Significantly worse COVID‐19 outcomes for HM pts versus pts with no cancer	NA
Garcia‐Suarez et al., 2020 39	Prospective, registry study To define mortality rate, prognostic factors In‐ and out‐patients with HM, N = 697 (69% with lymphoid malignancy)	Median age 72 (IQR 60–79) yr 60% male 59% on active treatment for HM 62% with severe/critical COVID‐19	33%	Age ≥60 yr >2 comorbidities AML versus NHL Lymphoma treatment with mAb versus no treatment
Lamure et al., 2020 35	Retrospective, multicenter study To characterize presentation and outcomes Pts with lymphoma hospitalized for COVID‐19, N = 89	Median age, 67 (19–92) yr 66% male 72% with comorbidities 44% with lymphoma complete remission	34% 30‐d OS, 71% (95% CI 62%–81%)	Age ≥70 yr (HR 2.87, 95% CI 1.20–6.85, p = 0.02) Relapsed/refractory lymphoma (HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.14–5.66, p = 0.02)
Regalado‐Artamundi et al., 2021 36	Retrospective registry study To define epidemiology and predictors of death In‐ and out‐patients with lymphoma, N = 177	Median age 70 (IQR 56–77) yr 55.9% male >70% with comorbidities 49.7% on active treatment for lymphoma 86.3% hospitalized due to COVID‐19	34.5%	Age > 70 yr Comorbidities Active disease (vs. complete response, HR 2.770 [95% CI 1.143–6.712, p = 0.024])
Duléry et al., 2021 40	Retrospective, multicenter study To examine prolonged length of stay in hospital and its determinants 111 lymphoma in‐pts	Median age, 65 y 71% treated for lymphoma within 1 yr 12% with relapsed/refractory lymphoma	6‐m survival 69%	Recent anti‐CD20 therapy was associated with prolonged stay in hospital and higher risk of death (HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.04–4.52, p = 0.039)
Pagano et al., 2021 41	EPICOVIDHEA registry survey To characterize epidemiology and predictors of mortality Pts with HM, N = 3801; N = 1084 with NHL, N = 135 with HL	Median age 65 (54–74) yr 58.5% male 30.8% with complete remission of HM; 51.6% with active HM 63.8% with severe/critical COVID‐19	Overall 31.2%; COVID‐19‐related, 22.2%	Age Active HM Chronic cardiac disease Renal impairment Smoking history ICU stay
Visco et al., 2022 37	Multicenter retrospective study and analysis of prospectively collected data To identify predictors of death In‐ and out‐patients with lymphoma, N = 856 a (N = 468 in‐pts, N = 388 out‐pts)	Median age, 63 (19–94) yr 59% male 46% with complete remission of lymphoma 59% of hospitalized pts had severe/critical COVID‐19 versus 8% of out‐pts	Overall, 19.5% 33.4% for in‐pts 3.8% for out‐pts	Age > 65 yr Male gender ALC < 650 × 109/L Platelets < 100 × 109/L

Abbreviations: ALC, absolute lymphocyte count; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; CFR, case fatality rate; HL, Hodgkin lymphoma; HM, hematologic malignancy; HR, hazard ratio; ICU, intensive care unit; NHL, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma.

^a 237 patients included also in the study by Passamonti et al.