Table 5.

Summary of antiviral therapies and the category of the virus life cycle that they target. Therapies marked with a single asterisk (*) are authorized for use by the FDA in the USA under an EUA as of 31 July 2022. Therapies marked with two asterisks (**) were once approved under an EUA but are not currently authorized for treatment in the USA because of the prevalence of the Omicron variant of SARS‐CoV‐2. The therapy marked with three asterisks (***) has been fully approved by the FDA for the treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2, which supersedes the therapy's original EUA. Therapies without asterisks have not been authorized for the treatment of COVID‐19 temporarily or permanently by the FDA.

Stage of virus maturation	Antiviral therapy targets	References
Viral entry into host cell	Evusheld*, REGEN‐COV**, bamlanivimab and etesevimab**, bebtelovimab*, sotrovimab**, Arbidol, nitazoxanide, chloroquine	[8, 23, 33, 44, 48, 50, 59, 63, 65, 66, 168]
Viral replication	Paxlovid*, Kaletra, remdesivir***, favipiravir, ribavirin, molnupiravir*	[90, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 119, 127, 138, 150, 153, 157]
Protein trafficking and post‐translational processing	Nitazoxanide, ivermectin	[168, 183, 186, 188]
Immune response regulation	Interferons, dexamethasone	[194, 205]