TABLE 3.

Status of sleep quality of frontline nurses at baseline (M ± SD) (N = 52)

Variable	Baseline (M ± SD)	Norm (M ± SD)	t	p
	N = 52	N = 112
Total score of PSQI	8.69 ± 4.346	3.88 ± 2.52	8.932	<.001
Subjective sleep quality	1.42 ± 0.776	0.63 ± 0.67	6.677	<.001
Sleep latency	2.21 ± 0.915	0.70 ± 0.86	10.252	<.001
Sleep duration	0.83 ± 0.964	0.70 ± 0.58	1.071	.387
Sleep efficiency	1.23 ± 1.246	0.15 ± 0.47	8.044	<.001
Sleep disturbances	1.60 ± 0.823	0.90 ± 0.44	7.093	<.001
Sleep medication	0.31 ± 0.781	0.06 ± 0.24	3.096	.002
Daytime dysfunction	1.27 ± 0.952	0.73 ± 0.83	3.697	.003

Abbreviations: M, mean; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SD, standard deviation.