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. 2022 Oct 29;26(1):13–30. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.14477

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Possible methods by which adequate serum vitamin D levels could protect against COVID‐19 and acute lung injury, whereas vitamin D deficiency might cause a faulty immunological response to COVID‐19, leading to increased severity and/or fatality. Arrows pointing up or down denote a rise or reduction, respectively