Table 1.
Characteristics of the population of the AD and BP studies.
| References | Variablea | Designb | Kc | Regions (N)d | Samplee | % Ff | Ageg | SBP/DBPh measure/ mmHg | Results | Effect size i | AMSTARj scores | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect size (RR) |
95 % CI LLIC~ULIC |
p | |||||||||||
| Lennon et al. (22) | SBP | L (13–22) | 6 | EU (2), NA (2), AS (2) | AD n = 2,208 | 47.3 | M = 56.87 | >140 mmHg | > SBP > AD | 1.18 | 1.02–1.35 | 0.021 | 10 |
| HC n = 852,683 | >160 mmHg | > SBP > AD | 1.25 | 1.06–1.47 | 0.006 | ||||||||
| >90 mmHg | > DBP > ADk | ||||||||||||
| Xu et al. (51) | SBP | L (1–21) | 39 | EU (15), NA (20), AS (8), AF (1), | AD n = 21,359 | 50.5 | M = 71.8 | >140 mmHg | > SBP > AD | 0.87 | 0.70–1.0 | 0.000 | 10 |
| HC n = 1,421,593 | |||||||||||||
| DBP | 5 | AD n = 743 | >90 mmHg | > DBP = AD | 1.14 | 0.89–1.39 | 0.028 | ||||||
| HC n = 11,653 | |||||||||||||
| Meng et al. (52) | SBP | L (10) | 1 | EU (1) | AD n = 79 | 100 | M = 45 | >140 mmHg | >SBP > AD | 1.77 | 0.93–3.37 | 0.082 | 10 |
| HC n = 707 | |||||||||||||
| Guan et al. (53) | SBP | L (2–27) | 4 | EU (2), NA (1), AS (1) | AD n = 176 | 56.3 | 40–92 | >160 mmHg | >SBP and DBP =AD | 1.01 | 0.87–1.18 | 0.850 | 9 |
| DBP | HC n = 7,283 | >85 mmHg | |||||||||||
| Wang et al. (54) | SBP | T | 2 | EU (1), NA (1) | AD n = 385 | 39 | < 65 | >140 mmHg | >SBP = AD | 1.50 | 0.56–4.04 | 0.036 | 10 |
| HC n = 3,626 | >160 mmHg | ||||||||||||
| ≥65 | >160 mmHg | >SBP = AD | 1.00 | 0.79–1.25 | 0.180 | ||||||||
| 65–75 | >160 mmHg | >SBP = AD | 1.01 | 0.66–1.53 | 0.215 | ||||||||
| 75–85 | >160 mmHg | >SBP > AD | 1.07 | 0.63–1.82 | 0.052 | ||||||||
| DBP | 2 | EU (1), NA (1) | AD n = 385 | < 65 | >90 mmHg | – | 1.70 | 0.80–3.60 | – | ||||
| HC n = 3626 | ≥65 | >90 mmHg | >DBP = AD | 0.75 | 0.43–1.32 | 0.066 | |||||||
| 65–75 | >85 mmHg | >DBP = AD | 0.71 | 0.30–1.67 | 0.616 | ||||||||
| 75–85 | >90 mmHg | >DBP = AD | 0.52 | 0.32–0.85 | 0.267 | ||||||||
aVariable: SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.
bDesign: T, cross-sectional; L, longitudinal.
cK: Number of studies.
dRegions: N, number of independent studies; EU, European Union; NA, North America; AS, Asia; AF, Africa.
eSample: AD, participants with Alzheimer's disease; HC, health control participants.
f%F: percentage of women.
gM, mean of age.
h Study outcomes were grouped according to the measurement of hypertension: (1) SBP > 140 mmHg and >160 mmHg, (2) DBP > 85 mmHg and 90 mmHg [reference guides: (36, 37)].
i CI: 95% confidence interval; RR: risk ratio.
j AMSTAR, Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews. https://amstar.ca/Amstar_Checklist.php.
k Given that two studies used odds ratios and the others hazard ratios, the authors could not compute summary estimates.