Table 2.
Individual and pooled estimates of the association between high SBP and AD.
| References | Statistics for each study | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | LnRR | Se | Ve | LLIC | ULIC | Z | p | |
| Lennon et al. (22) | ||||||||
| Kivipelto et al. (1) (18) | AD n = 48 | 0.74 | 0.47 | 0.22 | −0.174 | 1.658 | 1.59 | 0.113 |
| HC n = 1,400 | ||||||||
| Morris et al. (1) (25) | AD n = 324 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.02 | −0.221 | 0.280 | 0.23 | 0.817 |
| HC n = 378 | ||||||||
| Morris et al. (2) (25)a | AD n = 54 | 0.12 | 0.79 | 0.63 | −1.430 | 1.674 | 0.15 | 0.877 |
| HC n = 378 | ||||||||
| McGrath et al. (57) | AD n = 81 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.06 | −0.174 | 0.775 | 1.24 | 0.215 |
| HC n = 1,440 | ||||||||
| Chiang et al. (58) | AD n = 64 | 0.23 | 0.35 | 0.12 | −0.448 | 0.910 | 0.67 | 0.505 |
| HC n = 292 | ||||||||
| Kimm et al. (1) (59) | AD n = 282 | 0.26 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.030 | 0.495 | 2.21 | 0.027 |
| HC n = 821 | ||||||||
| Kimm et al. (2) (59) | AD n = 164 | 0.18 | 0.60 | 0.36 | −1.000 | 1.364 | 0.30 | 0.762 |
| HC n = 821 | ||||||||
| Kimm et al. (3) (59)a | AD n = 274 | 0.34 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.088 | 0.584 | 2.66 | 0.008 |
| HC n = 821 | ||||||||
| Kimm et al. (4) (59)a | AD n = 206 | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.01 | −0.041 | 0.405 | 1.60 | 0.109 |
| HC n = 821 | ||||||||
| Ninomiya et al. (1) (60) | AD n = 6 | −0.05 | 0.29 | 0.08 | −0.619 | 0.516 | −0.18 | 0.859 |
| HC n = 149 | ||||||||
| Ninomiya et al. (2) (60)a | AD n = 17 | −0.17 | 0.35 | 0.12 | −0.865 | 0.516 | −0.50 | 0.621 |
| HC n = 177 | ||||||||
| Total (22) | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.090 | 0.307 | 3.58 | 0.000 | |
| Xu et al. (51) | ||||||||
| Launer et al. (1) (27) | AD n = 81 | 0.20 | 0.61 | 0.37 | −0.996 | 1.394 | 0.33 | 0.744 |
| HC n = 2.137 | ||||||||
| Posner et al. (24) | AD n = 257 | −0.22 | 0.34 | 0.12 | −0.892 | 0.446 | −0.65 | 0.513 |
| HC n = 1.259 | ||||||||
| Verghese et al. (1) (61) | AD n = 65 | −0.39 | 0.34 | 0.11 | −1.049 | 0.278 | −1.14 | 0.255 |
| HC n = 406 | ||||||||
| Tyas et al. (39) | AD n = 35 | 0.13 | 0.39 | 0.15 | −0.634 | 0.897 | 0.34 | 0.737 |
| HC n = 685 | ||||||||
| Bermejo et al. (62) | AD n = 113 | 0.73 | 0.38 | 0.15 | −0.020 | 1.475 | 1.91 | 0.056 |
| HC n = 3.824 | ||||||||
| Huang et al. (63) | AD n = 612 | 0.26 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.064 | 0.460 | 2.60 | 0.009 |
| HC n = 142.744 | ||||||||
| Chu et al. (64) | AD n = 10 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.009 | 0.069 | 2.54 | 0.011 |
| HC n = 153 | ||||||||
| Luchsinger et al. (65) | AD n = 246 | 0.34 | 0.22 | 0.05 | −0.087 | 0.760 | 1.56 | 0.120 |
| HC n = 1.138 | ||||||||
| Forti et al. (1) (66) | AD n = 18 | −0.26 | 0.77 | 0.60 | −1.777 | 1.254 | −0.34 | 0.735 |
| HC n = 466 | ||||||||
| Forti et al. (2) (66) | AD n = 30 | −0.03 | 0.46 | 0.21 | −0.939 | 0.878 | −0.07 | 0.948 |
| HC n = 238 | ||||||||
| Song et al. (67) | AD n = 416 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.02 | −0.276 | 0.296 | 0.07 | 0.946 |
| HC n = 2.790 | ||||||||
| Raffaitin et al. (68) | AD n = 134 | 0.10 | 0.31 | 0.10 | −0.509 | 0.700 | 0.31 | 0.757 |
| HC n = 7.087 | ||||||||
| Muller et al. (69) | AD n = 147 | 0.41 | 0.25 | 0.06 | −0.085 | 0.896 | 1.62 | 0.105 |
| HC n = 1833 | ||||||||
| Lindsay et al. (70) | AD n = 194 | −0.13 | 0.18 | 0.03 | −0.486 | 0.231 | −0.70 | 0.485 |
| HC n = 4.088 | ||||||||
| Kivipelto et al. (1) (71) | AD n = 48 | 0.96 | 0.46 | 0.21 | 0.060 | 1.851 | 2.09 | 0.037 |
| HC n = 1.449 | ||||||||
| Borenstein et al. (72) | AD n = 90 | 0.58 | 0.40 | 0.16 | −0.196 | 1.361 | 1.47 | 0.143 |
| HC n = 1.859 | ||||||||
| Hayden et al. (73) | AD n = 104 | −0.42 | 0.22 | 0.05 | −0.847 | 0.016 | −1.89 | 0.059 |
| HC n = 3.264 | ||||||||
| Kuller et al. (74) | AD n = 330 | −0.11 | 0.24 | 0.06 | −0.582 | 0.372 | −0.43 | 0.665 |
| HC n = 2.807 | ||||||||
| Ronnemaa et al. (75) | AD n = 127 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.01 | −0.182 | 0.182 | 0.00 | 1.000 |
| HC n = 2.268 | ||||||||
| Annweiler et al. (76) | AD n = 70 | −0.36 | 0.31 | 0.10 | −0.968 | 0.254 | −1.14 | 0.253 |
| HC n = 498 | ||||||||
| Wang et al. (77) | AD n = 8.488 | 0.32 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.076 | 0.568 | 2.57 | 0.010 |
| HC n = 1.230.400 | ||||||||
| Qiu et al. (1) (78) | AD n = 333 | 0.28 | 0.16 | 0.03 | −0.034 | 0.590 | 1.74 | 0.081 |
| HC n = 1.301 | ||||||||
| Olazaran et al. (79) | AD n = 68 | −0.45 | 0.26 | 0.07 | −0.946 | 0.054 | −1.75 | 0.080 |
| HC n = 1.376 | ||||||||
| Becker et al. (80) | AD n = 48 | −0.11 | 0.32 | 0.10 | −0.729 | 0.518 | −0.33 | 0.740 |
| HC n = 288 | ||||||||
| Dal et al. (1) (81) | AD n = 40 | −0.14 | 0.32 | 0.11 | −0.775 | 0.496 | −0.43 | 0.668 |
| HC n = 576 | ||||||||
| Dal et al. (2) (81) | AD n = 67 | −0.54 | 0.30 | 0.09 | −1.134 | 0.045 | −1.81 | 0.070 |
| HC n = 781 | ||||||||
| Harwood et al. (1) (82) | AD n = 202 | 0.41 | 0.21 | 0.05 | −0.011 | 0.822 | 1.91 | 0.056 |
| HC n = 392 | ||||||||
| Harwood et al. (2) (82) | AD n = 188 | −0.36 | 0.31 | 0.10 | −0.969 | 0.256 | −1.14 | 0.254 |
| HC n = 84 | ||||||||
| Wu et al. (83) | AD n = 201 | 0.68 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.095 | 1.261 | 2.28 | 0.023 |
| HC n = 391 | ||||||||
| Brayne et al. (84) | AD n = 18 | −0.25 | 0.37 | 0.14 | −0.983 | 0.486 | −0.66 | 0.507 |
| HC n = 340 | ||||||||
| Mendez et al. (85) | AD n = 50 | −0.06 | 2.02 | 4.07 | −4.015 | 3.891 | −0.03 | 0.976 |
| HC n = 407 | ||||||||
| French et al. (86) | AD n = 76 | −0.07 | 0.42 | 0.17 | −0.887 | 0.742 | −0.17 | 0.861 |
| HC n = 102 | ||||||||
| Kokmen et al. (87) | AD n = 203 | −0.36 | 0.31 | 0.10 | −0.972 | 0.258 | −1.14 | 0.256 |
| HC n = 415 | ||||||||
| Foroughan et al. (88) | AD n = 42 | 0.54 | 0.23 | 0.05 | 0.078 | 0.995 | 2.30 | 0.022 |
| HC n = 115 | ||||||||
| Roberts et al. (89) | AD n = 151 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.04 | −0.348 | 0.483 | 0.32 | 0.750 |
| HC n = 264 | ||||||||
| Kondo et al. (90) | AD n = 60 | 0.41 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.082 | 0.729 | 2.46 | 0.014 |
| HC n = 120 | ||||||||
| Suhanov et al. (91) | AD n = 127 | 0.59 | 0.34 | 0.12 | −0.086 | 1.262 | 1.71 | 0.087 |
| HC n = 260 | ||||||||
| Graves et al. (92) | AD n = 18 | 0.43 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.339 | 0.472 | 11.90 | 0.000 |
| HC n = 340 | ||||||||
| Tsolaki et al. (93) | AD n = 65 | −0.77 | 0.19 | 3.86 | −1.161 | −0.391 | −3.94 | 7.829 |
| HC n = 69 | ||||||||
| Imfeld et al. (94) | AD n = 3.541 | −0.38 | 3.75 | 1.41 | −0.459 | −0.312 | −10.26 | 0.000 |
| HC n = 7.086 | ||||||||
| Total (52) | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.00 | −0.038 | 0.146 | 1.16 | 0.246 | |
| Meng et al. (52) | ||||||||
| Joas et al. (95) | AD n = 79 | 1.59 | 0.67 | 0.45 | 0.285 | 2.902 | 2.39 | 0.017 |
| HC n = 707 | ||||||||
| Wang et al. (54) | ||||||||
| Qiu et al. (2) (96) | AD n = 150 | 0.61 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.060 | 1.159 | 2.18 | 0.030 |
| HC n = 1.270 | ||||||||
| Qiu et al. (3) (96)a | AD n = 124 | 0.39 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.019 | 0.751 | 2.06 | 0.039 |
| HC n = 441 | ||||||||
| Li et al. (1) (97) | AD n = 14 | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.10 | −0.225 | 0.995 | 1.24 | 0.216 |
| HC n = 530 | ||||||||
| Li et al. (2) (97) | AD n = 19 | −0.51 | 0.23 | 0.05 | −0.953 | −0.069 | −2.26 | 0.024 |
| HC n = 733 | ||||||||
| Li et al. (3) (97) | AD n = 37 | −0.73 | 0.60 | 0.36 | −1.908 | 0.440 | −1.23 | 0.220 |
| HC n = 530 | ||||||||
| Li et al. (4) (97)a | AD n = 31 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.12 | −0.346 | 0.990 | 0.95 | 0.345 |
| HC n = 733 | ||||||||
| Li et al. (5) (97)a | AD n = 4 | −0.06 | 0.21 | 0.04 | −0.476 | 0.352 | −0.29 | 0.770 |
| HC n = 733 | ||||||||
| Li et al. (6) (97)a | AD n = 6 | −0.36 | 0.52 | 0.27 | −1.384 | 0.670 | −0.68 | 0.496 |
| HC n = 530 | ||||||||
| Total (55) | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.03 | −0.241 | 0.399 | 0.48 | 0.629 | |
| Total random | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.013 | 0.166 | 2.28 | 0.022 | |
aMeasures SBP > 160.