Table 5.

Effects of sex, age, design, and regions in different types of SBP (>140 and >160 mmHg) and DBP (>85 and >90 mmHg).

Group by		Statistics for each study
		Effect sizes	LnRR	Se	Ve	LLIC	ULIC	Z	p	I 2	Qb
BP (all types)
	Sex
	Men	54	0.06	0.04	0.00	−0.023	0.140	1.407	0.159	72.01	1.867, p = 0.172
	Women	21	0.16	0.06	0.00	0.041	0.274	2.657	0.008	88.38
	Age
	≤ 65	36	0.09	0.03	0.00	0.024	0.160	2.645	0.008	58.70	0.280, p = 0.596
	≥65	39	0.07	0.03	0.00	0.001	0.132	1.984	0.047	88.11
	Design
	C	46	0.06	0.03	0.00	0.010	0.120	2.303	0.021	87.61	0.744, p = 0.389
	L	29	0.11	0.04	0.00	0.023	0.197	2.484	0.013	36.48
	Regions
	Europe	23	−0.05	0.03	0.00	−0.113	0.025	−1.244	0.214	87.66	20.65, p = 0.0001
	Asia	15	0.19	0.04	0.00	0.115	0.284	4.627	0.000	58.27
	North America	37	0.11	0.04	0.00	0.038	0.190	2.939	0.003	62.02
SBP
>140		52	0.08	0.04	0.01	−0.007	0.158	1.786	0.074	86.01	0.948, p = 0.330
>160		8	0.19	0.11	0.01	−0.027	0.407	1.720	0.085	3.14
	Sex
	Men	42	0.08	0.05	0.01	−0.015	0.174	1.649	0.099	67.99	0.107, p = 0.744
	Women	18	0.11	0.06	0.01	−0.012	0.221	1.158	0.079	88.94
>140	Men	35	0.06	0.05	0.01	−0.045	0.162	1.11	0.267	71.87	0.237, p = 0.626
	Women	17	0.09	0.06	0.00	−0.025	0.222	1.565	0.118	89.81
>160	Men	7	0.21	0.11	0.01	−0.009	0.426	1.880	0.060	15.65	0.018, p = 0.895
	Women	1	0.18	0.11	0.01	−0.041	0.405	1.601	0.109	0.000
	Age
	≤ 65	29	0.101	0.07	0.01	−0.034	0.250	1.495	0.135	54.50	0.133, p = 0.715
	≥65	31	0.07	0.07	0.01	−0.063	0.207	1.040	0.298	90.29
>140	≤ 65	25	0.08	0.08	0.01	−0.084	0.234	0.927	0.354	49.01	0.000, p = 0.987
	≥65	27	0.08	0.07	0.01	−0.067	0.221	1.048	0.295	91.54
>160	≤ 65	4	0.26	0.10	0.01	0.070	0.455	2.667	0.008	23.26	1.854, p = 0.173
	≥65	4	0.01	0.17	0.03	−0.318	0.334	0.047	0.962	0.00
	Design
	C	41	0.06	0.05	0.01	−0.031	0.152	1.294	0.196	88.23	1.336, p = 0.248
	L	19	0.16	0.07	0.01	0.018	0.302	2.206	0.027	35.78
>140	C	41	0.06	0.05	0.00	−0.032	0.152	1.290	0.198	88.23	0.517, p = 0.472
	L	11	0.14	0.10	0.01	−0.052	0.327	1.425	0.154	50.73
>160	C	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–		–
	L	8	0.21	0.07	0.01	0.065	0.356	2.834	0.005	3.14
	Regions
	Europe	18	0.03	0.09	0.01	−0.148	0.198	0.284	0.777	89.30	5.785, p = 0.055
	Asia	14	0.27	0.09	0.01	0.095	0.436	3.044	0.002	60.41
	North America	28	0.01	0.07	0.01	−0.130	0.152	0.156	0.876	64.11
>140	Europe	17	0.00	0.09	0.01	−0.187	0.176	0.057	0.955	89.62	5.985, p = 0.050
	Asia	11	0.29	0.10	0.01	0.091	0.493	2.854	0.004	63.14
	North America	24	0.01	0.08	0.01	−0.143	0.160	0.109	0.913	67.66
>160	Europe	1	0.61	0.28	0.08	0.060	1.159	2.176	0.030	0.00	3.562, p = 0.169
	Asia	3	0.23	0.08	0.01	0.067	0.389	2.771	0.006	9.15
	North America	4	0.01	0.17	0.03	−0.318	0.334	0.047	0.962	0.00
DBP
>85		2	0.21	0.24	0.06	−0.266	0.680	0.859	0.390	61.98	0.067, p = 0.795
>90		9	0.14	0.11	0.01	−0.081	0.358	1.236	0.217	69.65
	Sex
	Men	8	−0.01	0.06	0.01	−0.13	0.118	−0.109	0.913	39.20	13.37, p = 0.0001
	Women	3	0.62	0.15	0.03	0.307	0.927	3.897	0.0001	0.00
>85	Men	2	0.22	0.29	0.08	−0.344	0.782	0.763	0.446	61.98	–
	Women	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
>90	Men	6	−0.02	0.05	0.01	−0.126	0.079	−0.452	0.641	35.53	16.052, p = 0.0001
	Women	3	0.62	0.15	0.02	0.321	0.915	4.081	0.0001	0.00
	Age
	≤ 65	4	0.21	0.18	0.03	−0.133	0.552	1.198	0.231	85.01	0.131, p = 0.717
	≥65	7	0.12	0.16	0.03	−0.196	0.442	0.756	0.449	39.41
>85	≤ 65	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	≥65	2	0.22	0.29	0.08	−0.344	0.782	0.763	0.446	61.98
>90	≤ 65	4	0.21	0.18	0.03	−0.147	0.574	1.160	0.246	85.01	0.245, p = 0.621
	≥65	5	0.08	0.21	0.04	−0.334	0.485	0.363	0.716	36.35
	Design
	C	5	0.26	0.14	0.02	−0.015	0.537	1.854	0.064	82.58	1.345, p = 0.246
	L	6	0.01	0.17	0.023	−0.317	0.334	0.052	0.958	28.15
>85	C	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–		–
	L	2	0.22	0.29	0.08	−0.344	0.782	0.763	0.446	61.98
>90	C	5	0.26	0.14	0.02	−0.013	0.530	1.864	0.062	82.58	2.450, p = 0.118
	L	4	−0.15	0.21	0.05	−0.575	0.282	−0.671	0.502	0.00
	Regions
	Europe	3	0.12	0.19	0.04	−0.253	0.498	0.638	0.523	87.13	0.074, p = 0.786
	Asia	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	North America	8	0.19	0.15	0.02	−0.109	0.487	1.241	0.215	49.06
>85	Europe	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Asia	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	North America	2	0.22	0.29	0.08	−0.344	0.782	0.763	0.446	61.98
>90	Europa	3	0.12	0.21	0.04	−0.278	0.525	0.604	0.546	87.13	0.041, p = 0.840
	Asia	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	North America	6	0.18	0.19	0.04	−0.193	0.554	0.946	0.344	53.09
BP (combined effects)
	Sex
	Men	4	0.02	0.10	0.01	−0.179	0.222	0.209	0.835	33.68	–
	Women	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Age
	≤ 65	3	−0.05	0.12	0.02	−0.289	0.192	−0.387	0.669	27.19	0.978, p = 0. 323
	≥65	1	0.17	0.18	0.03	−0.182	0.513	0.934	0.350	0.00
	Design
	C										–
	L	2	0.02	0.10	0.01	−0.179	0.222	0.209	0.835	33.69
	Regions
	Europe	2	−0.01	0.19	0.04	−0.383	0.383	−0.026	0.979	62.61	0.522, p = 0. 770
	Asia	1	−0.12	0.32	0.10	−0.736	0.503	−0.368	0.713	0.00
	North America	1	0.16	0.26	0.07	−0.339	0.670	0.643	0.520	0.00